Co-creation of a code of conduct with the ornamental plant sector

Résumé fourni par la source

The trade in ornamental plants is recognized as a key pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) (Hinsley 2025, van Kleunen 2018). A prioritization analysis of pathways for the unintentional introduction of IAS in Belgium identified horticulture‑related pathways among the top ten priority routes, weighted by number of species, volume, and impact (National Scientific Secretariat on Invasive Alien Species - Belgium 2023). Engaging this sector in prevention efforts is critical to curb further introductions and mitigating ecological and economic impacts. While the EU Regulation N° 1143/2014 on IAS already bans the trade and breeding of 49 plant species, it is essential to develop a complementary voluntary approach addressing additional high-risk species and prevention measures such as biosecurity. Here, we present a co-development process of a sector-specific Code of Conduct (CoC) aimed at fostering responsible practices among stakeholders of the horticultural chain in Belgium, encompassing breeders, sellers and end-users – both professionals and citizens. The CoC was developed through participatory engagement with ornamental plant professionals, integrating scientific assessments of species in trade. A central element of the CoC is the establishment of two complementary species lists: one identifying species that will no longer be sold due to their invasive potential, and another highlighting species that require clear labelling to inform buyers about responsible management after purchase and encourage them not to plant these species close to natural areas. The development of these lists was first grounded in a preliminary scientific assessment of a priority list of species with invasive risk based on the establishment potential, invasiveness, and documented ecological impacts of species present in Belgian horticultural trade. The lists were then negotiated with the sector considering the economic importance of some species. Moreover, signatories of the CoC commit to several key actions: adopting recommended biosecurity guidelines to limit the unintentional spread of IAS, assisting in the identification of mislabelled or contaminated plants and identification of less invasive cultivars, and informing customers on responsible practices. Through these measures, the CoC operationalizes responsible decision-making throughout the ornamental plant supply chain and promotes awareness among consumers about their role in IAS management. By combining scientific evaluation, sector engagement, and practical guidance, this CoC represents a collaborative model for integrating human dimensions into IAS management. The approach highlights on one hand some of the challenges and limitations of co-created frameworks, specifically the need for compromises with professional sectors that take into account potential economic costs, and the limitations that a voluntary approach presents compared to legally binding regulations. On the other hand, these voluntary frameworks can enhance compliance, improve knowledge transfer, and ultimately reduce the introduction and spread of invasive species, while maintaining the sustainability and viability of the ornamental plant industry.

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