Diet Diversity Is Associated with Prepregnancy Body Mass Index but Not the Pregnancy Third-Trimester Gut Microbiota

Résumé fourni par la source

Background The prevalence of women entering pregnancy with overweight or obesity is rising in the United States. The dual burden of undernutrition and overweight or obesity can lead to micronutrient deficiencies. Dietary diversity supports micronutrient adequacy and can be assessed using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) a food group-based indicator using 24-hour dietary recall data. Lower dietary diversity may be associated with lower gut microbiome diversity and overall community composition; however, the relationship during pregnancy is unclear. Objective This study aims to (1) describe associations between pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) and dietary diversity during pregnancy and (2) investigate whether the pregnancy gut microbiota diversity is associated with dietary diversity. Methods Data were collected from participants in the Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health (MARCH) cohort (n=132, third trimester). Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were used to assess dietary diversity according to the MDD-W indicator. A subset (n = 114) provided fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Based on pBMI, 49% of participants had normal weight, 25% had overweight, and 26% had obesity. Parity, income, and marital status differed significantly across pBMI categories. Overall, 20.5% of participants did not meet the minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W score < 5). pBMI was inversely correlated with MDD-W scores, with women with obesity having lower dietary diversity than women of normal weight. Consumption of low nutrient density foods was similar across pBMI categories. Gut microbiome alpha and beta diversity were not associated with MDD-W. Conclusions Though no associations between the gut microbiota and diet diversity were observed, our results confirm that women with higher pBMI may be at risk of inadequate micronutrient intake. These results emphasize the value of dietary diversity screening and intervention in care for women with higher pBMI, given the well-established role of micronutrients for maternal and fetal health during the third trimester and beyond.

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