Phenotypes of 32 tropical japonica rice accessions under non-continuously flooded and continuously flooded conditions at Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Arkansas, U.S.A.

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Thirty-two tropical japonica (32TRJ) rice accessions were selected from a panel of 200 tropical japonica rice accessions. The selection procedure is documented in 32TRJ_Germplasm_information.xlsx. This file also contains identifiers for the 32TRJ panel used in genebanks collections at USDA-Agricultural Research Service Germplasm Resources Information Network (USDA-ARS GRIN) and International Rice Genebank Collection, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines (IRRI-Genesys Rice Collection). In addition, the file provides information on country of origin and geographical coordinates for each accession. Common garden experiments for 32TRJ panel were performed at two locations under continuously flooded (CF) and non-continuously flooded (non-CF) conditions. The first location was at Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center (DBNRRC), Arkansas, U.S.A., where two experiments were conducted during 2023 (latitude and longitude for the field site: 34°46.69', -91°41.82') and during 2024 (latitude and longitude for the field site: 34°46.79', -91°41.73'). The non-continuously flooded condition was also known as alternate-wetting-and-drying management at DBNRRC. Data collected at this location are provided in this repository. The second location was at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines, where three experiments were conducted during the 2023 wet season, 2024 dry and wet seasons. Data collected at this second location are provided in a separate repository (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21539861). The file Phenotyping_32TRJ_DBNRRC.xlsx contains the phenotyping data during vegetative and maturity stages of the 32TRJ panel. Descriptions of all variables included in this dataset are provided in README_for_phenotyping_32TRJ_DBNRRC.docx. Hourly soil water potential and temperature data, collected under non-continuously flooded conditions, are available in soil_environment_DBNRRC.xlsx. Soil water potential was measured electronically (Watermark, 200SS; Irrometer, as in Rohila et al., 2025). Hourly weather data, downloaded from the USDA weather station data (under the USDA station), are available in USDA_HOURLY_2023.xlsx and USDA_HOURLY_2024.xlsx. Acknowledgements The authors thank Sujata Bogati, Alaina Braunschweig, Jessica R. Closson, Jairam Baba Danao, Quynh P.-H. Grunden, Joel G. Ledbetter, Manasvi Lingampally, and Tiffany Sookaserm for facilitating field measurements, sample processing and image analysis; Yujie Chen for facilitating the development of a drought index used in selecting the 32TRJ rice accessions; and Trevis Huggins for providing information on and clarifying the origins of the rice accessions.

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