Work impact of immune‐mediated inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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BACKGROUND: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) of the skin face challenges beyond visible signs. Despite their significant psychosocial burden, the global impact of skin IMIDs on work productivity has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the global burden of skin IMIDs on work productivity. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eight electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, SciELO, KCI Korean Journal Database, Global Index Medicus, Informit and Google Scholar) were searched from inception to June 2024. We included quantitative studies reporting work-related outcomes in adults (≥18 years) with alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis or vitiligo. For the meta-analysis, studies had to report Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) or sick leave duration. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using validated tools. Data were pooled using frequentist and Bayesian approaches to ensure estimations robustness across heterogeneous designs and sample sizes. RESULTS: Across 100 studies with a cumulative sample of 306,619 participants worldwide, skin IMIDs were consistently associated with impaired work functioning. Notably, the mean WPAI overall work impairment was 28.96 (95% CI 25.61; 32.31), and participants averaged 16.74 days of sick leave per year (95% CI 7.39; 26.1). Findings suggest that occupational impairment was influenced by psychosocial factors, thereby highlighting broader societal and economic consequences. CONCLUSION: Skin IMIDs substantially reduce work functioning and productivity worldwide, representing an underrecognized burden on individuals, employers and health systems. Better multidisciplinary strategies are needed to prevent occupational disadvantage and mitigate the economic and social impact of these chronic conditions.

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