Hepatorenal protective effects of Withania coagulans against lead-induced toxicity in mice

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Abstract Introduction Heavy metals (HMs), particularly lead, accumulate in organisms due to environmental pollution, posing significant health risks. Plant-based treatments are emerging as potential mitigators for heavy metal toxicity. Thus, this study evaluate the hepatorenal protective effects of Withania coagulans ( W. coagulans ) methanolic leaf extract against lead-induced toxicity in mice. Methodology Eighteen mice were divided into three groups, each containing 6 mice: a control group, an exposed group (60 mg/kg BW lead acetate), and a treatment group (pretreated with 160 mg/kg BW W. coagulans leaf extract followed by lead acetate exposure). After four weeks, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of hepatorenal markers, and tissues were examined histologically. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc testwere performed for statistical analysis. Results The administration of lead acetate in the exposed group significantly elevated hepatic biomarkers (ALP, ALT, AST), confirming lead-induced liver toxicity. The protective group, treated with W. coagulans methanolic leaf extract, showed a significant decrease in these markers ( P < 0.05), indicating a protective effect. Although improvements were also observed in renal markers in the protective group but none of the measured renal biomarkers differed significantly between the exposed and treatment groups. Histological examination revealed liver and kidney degeneration in the exposed group, while the protective group showed restored tissue architecture. Conclusion W. coagulans methanolic leaf extract significantly reduced lead-induced hepatic toxicity in mice. While renal protection was less pronounced, the extract demonstrated potential as a hepatoprotective agent. Further investigations are recommended to explore its mechanisms of action and to investigate its potential clinical applications.

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