Satellite-derived air quality data can effectively support health needs when use cases, Earth observing capabilities, and capacities align

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Advances in Earth observation (EO) remote sensing technologies have delivered a range of aerosol and trace gas pollution data with ever-improving spatial and temporal resolution, significantly benefitting assessments of global air quality (AQ). Furthermore, the application of data synthesis techniques incorporating satellite EO with other information sources has improved the availability of satellite-derived estimates of pollutant exposure at local to global scales. These data have been applied to address a diversity of use cases in AQ monitoring and public health, from long-term trend tracking, exposure assessment, and epidemiological analysis to short-term emissions identification and early warning. Successful application of satellite EO to address AQ and AQ-related health problems requires an alignment between (1) the technical capabilities of satellite data to provide relevant information, (2) a defined case for using this information to address a particular need, and (3) the human capacity, computational resources, operational plans, and policy and governance frameworks to implement a solution and take action, and to sustain the solution for as long as the need remains. Only when there is substantial alignment across all these factors can satellite EO information be effectively translated into public health benefits. This paper surveys applications of satellite EO to AQ assessment and AQ-related health management globally, synthesizing key commonalities into recommendations for how satellite EO can effectively support health needs. We also identify gaps in current satellite EO capabilities, use-case applications, and feasibility factors where future research and investment could reduce barriers to increased application of satellite EO to address pressing public health concerns related to AQ worldwide.Implications: This paper summarizes insights collected through the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Health Community of Practice Air Quality and Respiratory Health Work Group on the current state and gaps in the use of satellite EO to support air quality and related health decision-making globally. We synthesize these insights into general recommendations for how satellite EO capabilities, use cases, and feasibility considerations can be aligned towards effective use of satellite EO data for air quality and related health effects. We also identify barriers and gaps in current capabilities, uses, and capacities, making recommendations for how these might be addressed.

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