Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L. and evaluation of its biological activities

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This study aims to determine the composition of the essential oil obtained from Artemisia absinthium L. and its biological activities. The essential oil was isolated by steam distillation and analyzed using GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. Quantitative analysis was also carried out using GC-FID with the internal standard method, employing relative response factors (RRF) determined for each chemical class of components. A total of 37 compounds were determined and reported alongside their experimental LRI values. The major components were camphor (24.35 g/100g), chamazulene (14.2 g/100g), germacrene D (10.18 g/100g), 13-epi-manool oxide (4.56 g/100g) and terpinen-4-ol (4.56 g/100g). Our results showed that the essential oil exhibits moderate to good antioxidant activity, as evaluated by the β–carotene bleaching method, the DPPH radical and reducing power assays. Cytotoxicity activity against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) presented interesting results with LC50 of 0.8 μg/mL, regarding the phytotoxicity study; this oil can also be classified as phytotoxic for rhizogenesis, cauloogenesis, and radish germination.