Burden of 10 mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a Global Burden of Disease Study

Jiseung Kang, Hyeon Jin Kim, Jaeyu Park, Min Seo Kim, Seoyeon Park, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Nasir Abbas, Madineh Abbasi, Ahmed A. Abdelgalil, Atef Abdelkader, Auwal Abdullahi, Abdullahi Salahudeen Abdulraheem, Nigusie Abebaw, Endeshaw Chekol Abebe, E.S. Abhilash, Olifan Zewdie Abil, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Shady Abohashem, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Aminu Kende Abubakar, Kiran Acharya, Meshack Achore, Babatope O. Adebiyi, David Adedia, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Atman Adiba, Usha Adiga, Mohd Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Prince Owusu Adoma, Obed Adonteng-Kissi, Francis A. Adzei, David Adzrago, Saira Afzal, Navidha Aggarwal, Mahdi Aghaalikhani, Feleke Doyore Agide, Percival Delali Agordoh, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Prince Agwu, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Khabir Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Adamu Adamu Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Negar Sadat Ahmadi, Shabbir Ahmed, Naveed Ahmed, Oli Ahmed, Shahzaib Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Md Faisal Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Kobi V. Ajayi, Kasuni H.M. Akalanka, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Olumide Odunayo Akinniyi, Other Wole Akosile, Idorenyin Ubon Akpabio, Khurshid Alam, Zufishan Alam, Bekalu Dessie Dessie Alamirew, Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu, Nma Bida Alhaji, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Ashraf Alhumaidi, Mohammed Usman Ali, Irfan Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Haider Ali, Hamid Alinejad Rokny, Samah W. Al‐Jabi, Ahmad Alkhatib, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Amr Almobayed, Margret Beaula Alocious Sukumar, Awais Altaf, Khalid A Altirkawi, Deborah Oyine Aluh, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Ekiyor Joseph Amafah, Azmeraw T. Amare, McKing Izeiza Amedari, Abebe Feyissa Amhare, Saeed Amini, Sohrab Amiri, Dickson A. Amugsi, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Yeniewa Kerie Anagaw, Nguyen Hoang Anh, Ebuka Miracle Anieto, Abhishek Anil, Prapti Anjana, Dr.Kabilan Annadurai, Sumbul Ansari, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Irfan Ardani, Demelash Areda, Hiwot Abera Areru, Ghazal Arjmand, Jesu Arockiaraj, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Syed Amir Ashraf, Tahira Ashraf, Mitra Ashrafi, Nestor Asiamah, Bilal Aslam, Yuni Asri, Dereje Zewdu Assefa, Prince Atorkey, Abadi Hailay Atsbaha, Julie Alaere Atta, Gading Ekapuja Aurizki, Lemessa Assefa A Ayana, Arian Azadnia, Farya Azimi, Sumera Aziz, Sheeba B, Abebe Sorsa Badacho, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Najmeh Bahmanziari, Razieh Bahreini, Alpha Umaru Bai-Sesay, Ahmed Hassan Bakheit, Mohamad Amin Bakhshali, Rajon Banik, Hansi Bansal, Md Abu Bashar, Muhammad Irfan Bashir, Azadeh Bashiri, Archibong Edem Bassey, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Prapthi Persis Bathini, Narasimha M. Beeraka, Priyamadhaba Behera, Demeke Mesfin Belay, Melesse Belayneh, Samir Bele, Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal Tune, Abiye Assefa Berihun, Sonu Bhaskar, Shuvarthi Bhattacharjee, Ashmin Hari Bhattarai, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan, Mohammad Shahangir Biswas, Monirujjaman Biswas, Molalegne Bitew, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Trupti Bodhare, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Archith Boloor, Sanaz Bordbar, Samuel Adolf Bosoka, Linh Phuong Bui, Tsion Samuel Bunare, Zahid A. Butt, Muthia Cenderadewi, Sandip Chakraborty, Rama Mohan Chandika, Miyuru Chandradasa, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Lam Duc Chau, Fentahun Alemnew Chekole, Deepti Chopra, Shanjida Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Ephrem Mebratu Dagnew, Rakhi Dandona, Roy Arokiam Daniel, Samuel E. Danso, Chengetai Dare, Jai K. Das, Elham Davoudi, Sindhura Deekonda, Mohammad Delsoz, Tadios Niguss Derese, Ismail Dergaa, Kebede Deribe, Hunegnaw Almaw Derseh, Keshab Deuba, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Devananda Devegowda, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Sagnik Dey, Rajinder K. Dhamija, Amol S. Dhane, Bibha Dhungel, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Robert Kokou Dowou, Bereket Duko, Siddhartha Dutta, Angel Belle Cheng Dy, Ejemai Eboreime, Lamiaa L.M. Ebraheim, Ferry Efendi, Thilini Nisansala Egoda Kapuralalage, Fatima Ehsan, Aya Elalfy, Iffat Elbarazi, Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy, Ahmed Eldaboush, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Gihan ELNahas, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Iman El Sayed, Misganu Endriyas, Deborah Tolulope Esan, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Heidar Fadavian, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Niloofar Faraji, Ginenus Fekadu, Nataliya A Foigt, Behzad Foroutan, Dominic Dormenyo Gadeka, Adamu Usman Gamawa, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Balasankar Ganesan, Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah, Bashiru Garba, Fernando Barroga Garcia, Rupesh K. Gautam, Bamba Gaye, Tsion S. Gebre, Feven Sahle Gebre, Beza A. Gelaw, Miesa Gelchu, Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Gebremariam Wulie Geremew, Genanew K. Getahun, Kalab Yigermal Gete, Fataneh Ghadirian, Khalid Yaser Ghailan, Leila Ghalichi, Arin Ghamkhar, Moein Ghasemi, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sailaja Ghimire, Other Alem Abera Girmay, Franklin N. Glozah, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Вікторія Горбунова, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Sheffali Gulati, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Sasidhar Gunturu, Yonas Deressa Guracho, Adrina Habibzadeh, Ramtin Hajibeygi, Pritam Halder, Mohamed Hamed, Fahad Hanna, Mohd Anul Haq, Hamidreza Haririan, Sara Harsini, Eka Mishbahatul Mar’ah Has, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Faizul Hasan, Towhid Hasan, Arezou Hashem Zadeh, Nada Tawfig Hashim, Md Saquib Hasnain, Ammarah Hasnain, Amr Hassan, Nageeb Hassan, Omed Hassan Ahmed, Mohammad Heidari, Paul Michael Rafa Hernandez, Sumudu Avanthi Hewage, Ramesh Holla, Moyazzem Hossain, Sabbir Hossain, Md Jubayer Hossain, Lubna Hossain, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mila Nu Nu Htay, Ayesha Humayun, Waqar Husain, Segun E. Ibitoye, Sumaira Idrees, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Salim Ilyasu, Salim Ilyasu, Azfar Athar Ishaqui, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Md Shariful Islam, Md Saiful Islam, Rakibul M. Islam, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Morteza Jafarinia, Sanobar Jaka, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Navid Jamali, Jerin James, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Masoud Jamshidi, Manthan D Janodia, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Belayneh Hamdela Jena, Rinu J. George, Mohammad Jokar, Nitin Joseph, George V. Joy, Madhanraj K, Jay Kakadiya, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Khalil Kalavani, Sanjay Kalra, Rajesh Kamath, Naser Kamyari, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai, Sujita Kumar Kar, Hanie Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Faizan Kashoo, Natnael Bekuretsion Kassahun, Kanica Kaushal, Fekadu Abera Kebede, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Shemsu Kedir, Salima Kerai, Behzad Khafaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Sidra Khalid, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Maseer Khan, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Ammar Ahmad Khan, Ajmal Khan, Zahid Khan, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Mohd Faheem Khan, Amjad Khan, Muhammad umer khan, Ramsha Mushtaq Khan, Srijana Khanal, Sameer Uttamaro Khasbage, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Daniel Kheradmand, Mehdi Khezeli, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Sunil Kumar Khokhar, Samira Khoshvaght, Jagdish Khubchandani, Tegene Atamenta Kitaw, Vitalii Klymchuk, K.M. Shivakumar, Kishwar Basith, Prakash Babu Kodali, Ali‐Asghar Kolahi, Kamrun Nahar Nahar Koly, Isaac Koomson, Tapos Kormoker, Karel Kostev, Irene Akwo Kretchy, Kewal Krishan, Mohammed Kuddus, Anit Kujur, Emmanuel Kumah, Manasi Kumar, Kamal Kumar, Tarun Kumar, Diwakar Kumar, Chandan Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Dhasarathi Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Krishna Prasad Kurpad, Dian Kusuma, Aria Kusuma, Evans F. Kyei, Chandrakant Lahariya, Tri Laksono, Zohra S Lassi, Areeba Latif, Saheed Akinmayọwa Lawal, Aliyu Lawan, L.C. Pallavi, Long Khanh-Dao Le, Virendra S. Ligade, Jailos Lubinda, Abhilash Ludhiadch, Angelina M. Lutambi, Ellina Lytvyak, Mahmoud Mabrok, Rituparna Maiti, Irsa Fatima Makhdoom, Tabarak Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Ali Mansour, Hamid Reza Marateb, Joemer C. Maravilla, Adilson Marques, Roy Rillera Marzo, Prajakta P. Masurkar, Khurshid A. Mattoo, Pallab K. Maulik, Maryam Mazaheri, Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline Mbachu, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Medhin Mehari, Khurram Mehboob, Asim Mehmood, Vini Mehta, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Satish Melwani, Giuseppe Minervini, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Vinaytosh Mishra, Kumar Guru Mishra, Archana Mishra, Dhruti Modi, Abdalla Z. Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Taj Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Yahaya Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Mustapha Mohammed, Itismita Mohanty, Mohammad Mohseni, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Mahdis Morovvati, Mahmoud M Morsy, Reza Mosaddeghi Heris, Mohamed Awad Mousnad, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Sumoni Mukherjee, Kavita Munjal, Anjana Munshi, Satta Muthu Murugan, Yahye Hassan Muse, Ghulam Mustafa, Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha, Lutfi Muzaqi, Fatemehzahra Naddafi, Ayoub Nafei, Karikalan Nagarajan, Mobin Naghshbandi, Ganesh R. Naik, Shumaila Nargus, Hamide Nasiri, Javaid Nauman, Zakira Naureen, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, G. Takop Nchanji, Pacifique Ndishimye, Anthony Wainaina Ndungu, Jalil Nejati, Charles Richard James Newton, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Hien Thu Nguyen, Cao Duy Nguyễn, Tham Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Masoud Noroozi, Mark Anum Nortey, Nurfatimah Nurfatimah, Chijindu N. Nwakama, Felix Kwasi Nyande, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji, Joseph Kojo Oduro, Michael Safo Oduro, Abiola Ogunkoya, Oluwafunmbi Ebenezer Ogunmiluyi, Peter Oseghale Ohue, Akin Ojagbemi, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Oluyemi Adewole Okunlola, Oluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi, Andrew T. Olagunju, Oluseye Oludoye, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Oluwafemi G. Oluwole, Deborah Chinecherem Onuegbu, Augustus Osborne, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Oche Joseph Otorkpa, Jerry John Ouner, David Owiredu, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Tope Oyelade, Gbadebo M. Oyeniyi, P.A. Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Dimpal Manilal Paija, Sathishrajaa Palaniraja, Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas, Deepshikha Pande Katare, Ashok Pandey, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Apurvakumar Pandya, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Parinaz Paranjkhoo, Amrita Parida, Romil R. Parikh, Arpit Parmar, Jenish Patel, Satyananda Patel, Kamalesh Kumar Patel, Ashlesh Patil, Shankargouda Patil, Apurba Patra, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Prince Peprah, Tung Thanh Pham, Anil K. Philip, Sabina Margaret Pinto, Ramesh Poluru, Maarten J. Postma, Farzad Pourghazi, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Rifky Octavia Pradipta, Hery Purnobasuki, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Nuzul Qur’aniati, Deepthi R, Reza Rabiei, Basuki Rachmat, Ibrar Rafique, Yashpal Singh Raghav, Pracheth Raghuveer, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mahbubur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Hakim Rahmoune, Sunil Kumar Raina, Jeffrey Pradeep Raj, Vinoth Rajendran, Shaman Rajindrajith, Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh, Mahmoud M. Ramadan, Asad Gul Rao, Vahid Rashedi, Mamunur Rashid, Fahmida Rashid, Prateek Rastogi, Devarajan Rathish, Abdur Rauf, Ramin Ravangard, Dhwani Ravi, Ramu Rawat, Nazila Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Ravi Rohilla, Iftitakhur Rohmah, Debby Syahru Romadlon, Morteza Rostamian, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Sharmistha Roy, Parimal Roy, Adrija Roy, Nitai Roy, Shubhanjali Roy, Priyanka Roy, Poorvikha S, Aly MA Saad, Adnan Saad Eddin, Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Ehsan Sadeghi, Bassem Sadek, Umar Saeed, Shazina Saeed, Rajesh Sagar, Amene Saghazadeh, Indranil Saha, Sukanta Saha, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Ankita Saikia, Bukola Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Mohamed A. Saleh, Mahdi Salehi, Dauda Salihu, Pegah Salimi Pormehr, Sonia Sameen, Abdallah M. Samy, Sanyaolu A, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Aswini Saravanan, Yaser Sarikhani, Sachin C. Sarode, Maheswar Satpathy, Jennifer Saulam, Sangeeta Saxena, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Abu Sayeed, Muthamizh Selvamani, Bharathi Selvaraj, Yashendra Sethi, Yara Shaalan, Arezoo Shafieioun, Grishma Shah, Saeed Shahabi, Kanwal Shahbaz, Samiah Shahid, Arsalan Shahri, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Nafhat Shaikh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Anas Shamsi, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi Rad, Manoj Sharma, Saurab Sharma, Avimanu Sharma, Bunty Sharma, Bhoopesh Kumar Sharma, Gaurav Sharma, Amr M. Shehabeldine, Mahabalesh Shetty, Premalatha K. Shetty, Adithi Shetty, Md Monir Hossain Shimul, Rahman Shiri, Aminu Shittu, Sunil Shrestha, Suleiman Adeiza Shuaibu, Mohammad Sidiq, Analiza M. Silva, Padam Prasad Simkhada, Jasvinder A. Singh, Poornima Suryanath Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Amit Singh, Kalpana Singh, Harpreet Singh, Jasbir Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Akanksha Singh, Kashmir Singh, Garima Singh, Ratnesh Sinha, Md Salman Sohel, Vishal Sondhi, Mansi Soni, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Aswin Sugunan, Oksana Sulaieva, Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman, Desy Sulistiyorini, Lourdes Sumpaico-Tanchanco, Sumam Sunny, Seyed‐Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Celine Tabche, Ramin Tabibi, Jabeen Taiba, Ashis Talukder, Minale Tareke, Saba Tariq, Anika Tasnim, Nathan Y Tat, Mohammad-Hassan Tayarani-Najaran, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Abainash Tekola, Tarilate Temedie- Asogwa, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Lewegneh Wegayehu Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Ismaeel Tharwat, Rekha Thiruvengadam, Sojit Tomo, Santo Imanuel Tonapa, Ali Torkashvand, Khaled Trabelsi, Thang Huu Tran, Tam Quoc Minh Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong, Lawrence Sena Tuglo, T.Y. Sree Sudha, Riaz Ullah, Lawan Umar, Dinesh Upadhya, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Kelechi Julian Uzor, Balachandar Vellingiri, Poonam Verma, Akshaya Kumar Verma, Linh Vu, Krishna Dhavan Vyas, Abubakar Sadiq Wada, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Megha Walia, Tanveer A. Wani, Yilkal Abebaw Wassie, Ishanka Weerasekara, Abrha Hailay Weldemariam, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Martin Wiredu Agyekum, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Gemechu Kumera Wirtu, Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah, Daniel Tarekegn Worede, Vikas Yadav, Saba Yahoo, Galal Yahya, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Biksegn Asrat Yirdaw, Yazachew Engida Yismaw, Abdilahi Yousuf, AO Yusuf, Siddhesh Zadey, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Mubashir Zafar, Nazar Zaki, Mohammed Zawiah, Alemu Birara Zemariam, Eyael M. Zeru, Hafsa Zia, Mohamed Ali Zoromba, Lilik Zuhriyah, Sa’ed H. Zyoud, Shaher H. Zyoud, Ali H. Mokdad, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon