Gambling disorder as the basis of behavioural addiction: neurobiological considerations

Résumé fourni par la source

Behavioral addictions are characterized by recurrent patterns of compulsive and disruptive participation that persist despite negative consequences in major areas of life functioning and overall well-being. Important features of such behaviors often involve failures to resist urges or impulses to engage in activities and repeated unsuccessful attempts to reduce or quit the behaviors. These behaviors are similar to those central to substance addictions; however, they are focused on non-substance-related behaviors rather than the consumption of psychoactive substances. Behavioral addictions may involve gambling, gaming, shopping, exercise, work, eating densely caloric and highly palatable foods, sex, pornography, social media or other foci. Although some behaviors are officially recognized as the focus of clinical disorders (e.g., gambling disorder), many remain debated regarding precise definitions, classifications, and diagnostic criteria. Nonetheless, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) reclassified gambling disorder as the first formal clinical non-substance addictive diagnosis and included criteria for internet gaming disorder for research purposes. The eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) included both gambling and gaming disorders as “disorders due to addictive behaviors.” In the current work and given the amount of research over time, we will focus on gambling disorder. Epidemiology, theories regarding neurobiological and other mechanisms, potential risk factors, vulnerable populations, and intervention and treatment options will be discussed.

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