Phytochemical compositions and aroma evaluation of seven oil-bearing roses originating from China and Worldwide

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Three taxa of R. rugosa (Chinese Group), three taxa of R. centifolia, and one R. × damascena (Worldwide Group) were used to detect their volatile organic compound (VOC) contents using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 146 VOCs were detected, including 73 terpenoids, 18 phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, 50 fatty acid derivatives, and 5 other compounds. The contents of terpenoids were increasing with flower development, while the contents of fatty acid derivatives were decreasing. Heatmap cluster analysis (HCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that seven roses can be divided into Chinese and Worldwide groups, and α-farnesene, 9-nonadecene, 3-methyl-2-(2-methyl-2-butenyl)-furan, heptadecane, methyleugenol, β-myrcene, α-pinene, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-,1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl ester, pentadecane, and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate were the marker compounds for two groups. Sensory and incense tone compound evaluation showed that the aromas were mainly composed of floral, rosy, and sweet notes. However, the aroma of seven roses had a stronger spicy, woody, and citrus note in buds (S3) or full-blooming flower stages (S5), which were mainly caused by high contents of methyleugenol, β-myrcene, and β-pinene. In this study, the VOC profile and aromatic characteristics of oil-bearing roses were systematically compared between Chinese and Worldwide genotypes using metabolic pathway analysis and aroma evaluation, providing a more comprehensive reference for fragrant rose breeding.

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