Probolomyrmex Mayr 1901

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Key to Probolomyrmex species in the world As noted by Varghese (2024), the queen caste is generally similar to the worker caste in both coloration and morphology. Therefore, although P. bispinatus sp. nov. is described solely from a single queen specimen, we have included it in the identification key. The rationale for distinguishing this species based on queen characters is discussed in the Comments of P. bispinatus sp. nov. Separation between P. guanacastensis and P. boliviensis is difficult due to the similarity of morphological features, so we prefer the diagnosis of Oliveira & Feitosa (2019). 1 Subpetiolar process consisting of a single spine (Fig. 13A) or a spine with minor posteroventral projection (Fig. 13B).. 2 - Subpetiolar process rectangular or lamellate (Fig. 13C), always with a distinct angular posteroventral tooth (Fig. 13D).. 16 2 In dorsal view, posterodorsal corner of petiole conical, strongly blunt and rounded (Fig. 14A)..................... 3 - In dorsal view, posterodorsal corner of petiole truncated or concave (Figs 14B–D)............................... 4 3 Propodeal dorsum not distinctly impressed, almost straight (Fig. 15A); in dorsal view, petiole trapezoidal, lateral margins inclined and straight (Fig. 15C)................................................... P. watanabei Tanaka, 1974 - Propodeum with a distinct depression in the center of dorsal margin (Fig. 15B); in dorsal view, petiole barrel-shaped, lateral margins convex (Fig. 15D)............................................. P. newguinensis Shattuck et al., 2012 4 In dorsal view, petiolar width more than half its length (Fig. 16A)............................................ 5 - In dorsal view, petiolar length twice or more than its width (Fig. 16B)....................................... 13 5 In dorsal view, posterior margin of petiole broadened, not convergent (Fig. 17A)................................ 6 - In dorsal view, lateral margins of petiole parallel or slightly convex; posterior margin narrowed, maximum width not at posterior margin (Fig. 17B).......................................................................... 7 6 In lateral view, propodeal posterodorsal denticles short and blunt; posterodorsal corners of petiole blunt (Fig. 18A).................................................................................... P. procne Brown, 1975 - In lateral view, propodeal posterodorsal denticles long and sharp; posterodorsal corners of petiole sharp (Fig. 18B)...................................................................................... P. bispinatus sp. nov. 7 In dorsal view, posterior margin of petiole inwardly concave, forming a pair of denticles (Fig. 19A)................. 8 - In dorsal view, posterior margin of petiole almost straight or convex (Fig. 19B)................................ 10 8 Subpetiolar process simple, just a single spine (Fig. 20A)................................ P. brujitae Agosti, 1995 - Ventral face of subpetiolar process with a minor posteroventral projection (Fig. 20B)............................ 9 9 Body larger, with much longer antennal scapes....................................... P. boliviensis Mann, 1923 - Body smaller, with much shorter antennal scapes........................ P. guanacastensis O'Keefe & Agosti, 1998 10 In lateral view, propodeal posterodorsal corner blunt or angular; posterior margin without denticles (Fig. 21A)........................................................................... P. lamellatus Oliveira & Feitosa, 2019 - In lateral view, propodeal posterior margin with denticles (Fig. 21B)........................................ 11 11 In lateral view, propleuron covered or only slightly exposed by pronotum, but not extending beyond the ventral margin of pronotum (Fig. 22A)..................................................... P. cegua Oliveira & Feitosa, 2019 - In lateral view, ventral margin of propleuron strongly exposed and protruding (Fig. 22B)........................ 12 12 In lateral view, anterodorsal margin of petiole rounded, not angular (Fig. 23A)......... P. dammermani Wheeler, 1928 - In lateral view, petiole rectangular; anterodorsal margin distinctly angular (Fig. 23B).............................................................................................. P. okinawensis Terayama & Ogata, 1988 13 In lateral view, petiole distinctly elongated; dorsal margin flattened (Fig. 24A).............. P. itoi Eguchi et al., 2006 - In lateral view, petiole moderately elongated; dorsal margin convex (Fig. 24B)................................ 14 14 Antennal scapes short, apparently not reaching posterior head margin........... P. longinodus Terayama & Ogata, 1988 - Antennal scapes long, approaching or reaching posterior head margin........................................ 15 15 Propodeal declivity deeply concave, with a sharply curved fine dark line posterolaterally; in dorsal view, petiolar posterodorsal corner only with a slight central depression (Fig. 25C)................ P. longiscapus Xu & Zeng, 2000 - Propodeal declivity slight concave, with a straight or slightly curved thick dark line posterolaterally; in dorsal view, petiolar posterodorsal corner strongly bidentate (Fig. 25D)........................................... P. similis sp. nov. 16 In lateral view, posterior margin of petiole straight (Figs 26A–B)........................................... 17 - In lateral view, posterior margin of petiole concave (Figs 26C–D)........................................... 24 17 Petiole with a distinct peduncle (Fig. 27A)........................................... P. petiolatus Weber, 1940 - Petiole without distinct peduncle, anterodorsal margin rounded (Fig. 27B).................................... 18 18 In lateral view, mesosomal dorsum outline uneven; metanotal groove weak but present and propodeal dorsum strongly concave (Fig. 28A).................................................. P. zahamena Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2014 - In lateral view, mesosomal dorsum outline almost perfectly straight or curved; metanotal groove absent or indistinct, and propodeal dorsum only slightly concave or straight (Fig. 28B)............................................. 19 19 In lateral view, gastral prora distinctly spiny or angular, protruding and sharp (Figs 29A–B)...................... 20 - In lateral view, gastral prora indistinct or very weak (Figs 29C–D).......................................... 23 20 Anterior portion of subpetiolar process distinctly inclined anteriorly beyond basal portion (Fig. 30A)............................................................................................. P. vieti Eguchi et al., 2006 - Anterior portion of subpetiolar process not distinctly inclined anteriorly nor distinctly beyond basal portion, and anterior margin almost vertical to basal portion (Fig. 30B)....................................................... 21 21 In lateral view, first gastral tergite elevated posterodorsally to present a projection, distinctly above anterior margin of second gastral tergite (Fig. 31A)........................................................ P. tani Fisher, 2007 - In lateral view, first gastral tergite dorsally complete in outline, not elevated posterodorsally to present a projection nor distinctly above anterior margin of second gastral tergite (Fig. 31B)......................................... 22 22 Subpetiolar process broad, its height less than half of the length of ventral margin (Fig. 32A).............................................................................................. P. aliundus Shattuck et al., 2012 - Subpetiolar process narrow, its height approximately equal to the length of ventral margin (Fig. 32B).............................................................................. P. curculiformis Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2014 23 Head broader; propodeal posterior margin with triangular denticles (Fig. 33A)................ P. greavesi Taylor, 1965 - Head narrowly elongated; pr

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