Four Cold Giant Planets Discovered by High-cadence Microlensing Surveys

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Abstract We report the discovery of four cold giant planets identified through the analysis of microlensing events detected by high-cadence surveys: OGLE-2016-BLG-0261, KMT-2025-BLG-0026, KMT-2025-BLG-0030, and KMT-2025-BLG-2272. The planetary signals appear as short-duration anomalies in the light curves and are well described by binary-lens single-source models with mass ratios between the lens components of order q ∼ 10 −3 . Finite-source effects are securely measured in three out of four events, enabling determinations of the angular Einstein radius. A Bayesian analysis incorporating the measured event timescale and angular Einstein radius yields host masses of ∼0.07–0.6 M ⊙ and companion masses of ∼0.2–2.5 M Jup , confirming that all companions lie in the giant-planet regime. The projected separations are ∼0.7–6 au, placing all planets at or beyond the snow lines of their host stars. The inferred lens distances span ∼6.6–7.9 kpc, with all systems consistent with bulge lenses. These detections expand the sample of cold giant planets from homogeneous high-cadence surveys and highlight the sensitivity of microlensing to planetary systems beyond the snow line, providing further constraints on the occurrence and properties of giant planets around low-mass stars.

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