Cordyceps anningensis Z. Q. Wang & Y. B. Wang 2026, sp. nov.

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Cordyceps anningensis Z. Q. Wang & Y. B. Wang sp. nov. Fig. 3 Etymology. Named after the location where this species was discovered. Type. China • Yunnan Province, Anning City, Centipede Mountain, 24°53'N, 102°35'E, alt. 1930 m, found on a pupa of Lepidoptera inside a cocoon rolled in fallen leaves. 29 Jun. 2025, Zhiqin Wang (HKAS 154125, holotype; KUNCC 11591, ex-holotype culture). Description. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Several synnemata arising from the body of lepidopteran pupae, solitary, bearing a powdery, white mass of conidia at the apex. Colonies on PDA attaining a diameter of 44–46 mm after 14 days at 25 ° C, white, cottony, slightly loose, with soft cottony aerial mycelium; reverse white to pale yellow. Hyphae smooth, septate, hyaline, 0.6–2.7 µm wide. Conidiophores smooth-walled, cylindrical, 3.4–9.5 × 1.5–2.9 µm. Phialides cylindrical to flask-shaped, solitary on hyphae, or whorled on hyphae and conidiophores, tapering gradually or abruptly toward the apex, 4.1–16.7 μm long, 0.9–2.7 μm wide at the base, 0.4–1.0 μm wide at the apex. Conidia often formed in an imbricate chain at the apex of phialides, hyaline, smooth-walled, elliptical to oblong, one-celled, 2.1–3.3 × 1.3–2.4 µm. Habitat. On pupae of Lepidoptera inside cocoons rolled in dry branches and fallen leaves. Distribution. China, Yunnan Province, Anning City. Other material examined. China • Yunnan Province, Anning City, Centipede Mountain. 24°53'N, 102°35'E, alt. 1930 m, found on a pupa of Lepidoptera inside a cocoon rolled in dry branches and fallen leaves. 29 Jun. 2025, Zhiqin Wang (HKAS 154126, paratype; KUNCC 11592, ex-paratype culture). Commentary. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the two samples of C. anningensis grouped together, forming a distinct clade closely related to C. locastrae and C. sandindaengensis (Fig. 1). All three species are parasitic on lepidopteran pupae and occur only as asexual morphs in nature (Crous et al. 2023; Chuang et al. 2024). Morphologically, their conidia are often formed in imbricate chains at the apices of phialides. The host pupae of C. anningensis are inside cocoons rolled in dry branches and fallen leaves, whereas the hosts of the other two species are not wrapped in such materials. Furthermore, the synnemata of C. anningensis arise irregularly across the host body, whereas those of C. sandindaengensis emerge from the upper part of the host (Crous et al. 2023). Cordyceps anningensis produces smaller conidia (2.1–3.3 × 1.3–2.4 µm) than C. locastrae (3–3.5 × 2.5–3 µm) (Chuang et al. 2024).

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