Aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev trains passing through the tunnel with crosswind effects

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Abstract This study investigates the aerodynamic responses of the high-speed maglev train traveling at 600 km/h under strong crosswinds, particularly during tunnel entry and exit. While prior studies have addressed aerodynamic stability in conventional rail systems, few studies have examined such effects on maglev trains, which are highly sensitive to lateral forces due to their electromagnetic suspension and narrow levitation gap. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the k−ω SST turbulence model, unsteady flow behaviors at a crosswind speed of 33.7 m/s, a threshold outlined in Chinese high-speed train standards, are simulated in this study. The results reveal substantial transient aerodynamic loads and asymmetric surface pressure fluctuations during tunnel portal interactions, leading to significant side-force variations and potential stability risks. This study provides new insights into the safety-critical aerodynamic environment of future ultra-high-speed maglev operations and emphasizes the need for aerodynamic design optimization under extreme weather scenarios.

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