Pre-Residency Research Productivity of Matched OB/GYN Residents Before and After the USMLE Step 1 Transition

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Abstract Objective(s): To assess the influence of the USMLE Step 1 transition on research productivity during the pre-residency period of matched obstetrics and gynecology residents. Design: Retrospective cohort study comparing research productivity between residents who matched before the Step 1 transitioned from graded to pass/fail (class of 2026) and after it (class of 2028). PubMed-indexed publications were analyzed for count, authorship, specialty relevance, citation rate, and type. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare group differences, with total publications as the primary outcome. Setting: Top 50 obstetrics and gynecology residency programs in the United States, according to Doximity. Population: A total of 650 matched obstetrics and gynecology residents were included (n=323 from the class of 2026 and n=327 from the class of 2028). Residents with MD/PhD degrees were excluded. Results: Residents in the post-Step 1 transition cohort produced a higher mean number of total publications (1.67±2.68 vs. 1.07±1.73, p=0.001), in-specialty publications (0.47±1.06 vs. 0.79±1.64), and first-author publications (0.51±0.94 vs. 0.32±0.71, p=0.005) compared to the pre-transition cohort. Conclusion(s): The Step 1 transition from graded to pass/fail coincided with a statistically significant increase in pre-residency research productivity of matched obstetrics and gynecology residents. Residents from higher NIH-funded medical schools had significantly more publications than those from lower-funded schools. These findings highlight the need for residency programs to interpret research productivity within the context of available resources and evolving applicant pressures in the post–Step 1 scoring era.

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