Personal and Work-Related Factors Associated With Nurse Resilience: An Umbrella Review

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Abstract Resilience has been recognised as a skill set in enhancing nurses’ psychological well-being. However, numerous resilience studies using various measures have produced a heterogeneous body of literature on factors associated with resilience. This review aimed to identify the personal and work-related factors associated with resilience among nurses. A search was conducted in September 2025 across six databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus, and we collated systematic reviews published from inception through September 2025. Systematic reviews were included if they: (1) included nurses working in a clinical setting, (2) studied resilience and its associated factors, and (3) involved cross-sectional studies as their primary studies. An umbrella review was conducted using a narrative analysis approach guided by Self-Determination Theory and Conservation of Resources theory, combined with an overlap analysis. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was utilised to assess the quality of systematic reviews. Nine systematic reviews were included. Sixteen resilience-related factors were identified across three domains: demographics, negative psychology, and positive psychology. Sex, age, marital status, education, years of nursing experience, and income were associated with nurse resilience. Burnout, emotional exhaustion, stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder were negatively related to resilience. Coping skills, self-efficacy/perceived control, overall psychosocial health, and interpersonal and organisational support were positively associated with resilience. Resilience interventions should be developed and implemented, accounting for interactions among individuals, workplaces, and organisations to enhance nurses’ psychological well-being and ultimately increase nurse retention.

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