Inclusive Socio-Electric Pathways in South Africa's Informal Settlements

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Off-grid clean energy technologies hold immense potential delivering universal energy access in rapidly expanding cities in developing economies. This chapter examines the role of solar microgrids as examples of post-networked infrastructure, demonstrating how decentralized, community-driven approaches can provide more equitable and resilient energy access in South Africa&s;s informal settlements. Drawing on the concept of heterogeneous infrastructure configurations (HICs), we challenge the dominant narrative of conventional grid-tied electrification. Through a case study of Qandu Qandu, we analyze how off-grid energy infrastructure can offer short- to medium-term solutions for electricity needs in these areas, contributing to more equitable and resilient energy access, even in countries with relatively high grid connectivity. Our findings highlight the significant benefits of mini-grid utilization, suggesting their viability as both interim and long-term solutions. We advocate for a shift in infrastructural governance toward a more inclusive approach that embraces diverse electrification pathways, including post-networked solutions.