Spatiotemporal Groundwater Dynamics and Relative Risk Assessment in the West Liao River Basin, China (2019–2024)
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Le résumé fourni par la source
Groundwater is a critical water source in the semi-arid West Liao River Basin (WLRB). Based on daily observations from 117 monitoring wells distributed across the basin during 2019–2024, this study analyzed interannual and seasonal groundwater-level dynamics and identified areas of relative groundwater stress using groundwater level elevation (WLE) and depth to water (DTW). The Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, ordinary kriging, and a composite risk index were applied to quantify temporal trends, map spatial patterns, and classify groundwater risk. Regional WLE showed weak interannual variability but a distinct seasonal cycle, with positive anomalies from January to April and negative anomalies from June to September. At the well scale, 51 wells (43.59%) exhibited significant increases, whereas 36 wells (30.77%) showed significant decreases. Sen’s slope ranged from −2.75 to 0.61 m/year, indicating that the strongest local changes were associated with groundwater-level decline. Spatially, WLE was generally higher in the southwest and lower toward the northeast. Areas with WLE decline were concentrated in the central-western and southern sectors, whereas relative WLE increases occurred in parts of the northern and eastern sectors. The low-, medium-, and high-risk classes included 39, 38, and 39 wells, accounting for 33.62%, 32.76%, and 33.62% of the wells retained for the risk assessment, respectively. High-risk wells clustered in the central-western and southern areas, while low-risk wells dominated the northern and eastern sectors. These results highlight the importance of well-scale monitoring for identifying priority areas of groundwater stress. The proposed framework provides a practical basis for screening priority monitoring areas and supporting spatially differentiated groundwater management in semi-arid basins. However, this study is limited by the relatively short monitoring period (2019–2024) and the lack of quantitative driver attribution; therefore, the findings reflect recent groundwater dynamics rather than long-term secular trends.
Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.
Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Spatiotemporal Groundwater Dynamics and Relative Risk Assessment in the West Liao River Basin, China (2019–2024)
- Date Crossref
- 12/07/2026
- Éditeur
- MDPI AG
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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Hefei University of Technology pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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China Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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Jilin University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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School of Resources and Environmental Engineering pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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College of Construction Engineering pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Beijing Institute of Geological Hazard Prevention pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
Hefei University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences et China Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring, avec 6 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.