Outbreak of neonatal mortality in beef cattle associated with Ateleia glazioveana (Leg. Papilionoideae) poisoning in southern Brazil

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ABSTRACT: Ateleia glazioveana (Leg. Papilionoideae) is a cardiotoxic plant widely distributed in southern Brazil, where sporadic outbreaks of poisoning in cattle have been reported. Although neonatal mortality is a described clinical outcome in cattle, detailed epidemiological data and lesions associated with this form of intoxication remain scarce. This study reports an outbreak of neonatal mortality in a beef cattle herd in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and characterizes the epidemiological, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings. The herd experienced one abortion and the loss of ten calves, all of which were born weak and died within three days. Two neonates were necropsied, revealing pale myocardial areas extending from the visceral pericardium to the endocardium. Histological analysis revealed multifocal myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte necrosis, as well as vacuolization of the cerebral white matter. Masson’s trichrome staining highlighted myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and anti-troponin C immunohistochemistry showed decreased or absent labeling in necrotic cardiac fibers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for bovine viral diarrhea virus and Neospora caninum was negative. The presence of numerous sprouting A. glazioveana specimens in the pasture, with evidence of consumption and compatible lesions, supported the diagnosis. This report emphasizes A. glazioveana as a cause of reproductive losses and neonatal mortality in endemic regions, particularly during the plant sprouting phase.

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