Accès ouvert déclaré 2026 article

Delphi survey to explore core curriculum for training the next generation of hepatologists

Xinyi Xu, Y Shi, Frank Tacke, Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong, Wenhao Li, Giada Sebastiani, Philip N. Newsome, Manuel Romero‐Gómez, Calvin Q. Pan, Laurent Castera, Jin Chai, Won Kyum Kim, Luca V. C. Valenti, Yusuf Nadir Yilmaz, Khin Maung Win, Xianbin Xu, Ponsiano Ocama, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Mamun Al Mahtab, Saeed Sadiq Hamid, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, Romeo Sj, Marlén Castellanos, Yu Xia, Panu K. Luukkonen, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Jerome Boursier, Ian Homer Cua, Hang Viet Dao, C Wendy Spearman, Uditha Bandara Dassanayake, Munkhjargal Ayurzana, Gulnara Aghayeva, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Nahúm Méndez‐Sánchez, Catherine Ann Malcolm Stedman, Khalid Alswat, Ala I. Sharara, Nabil Debzi, Nathalie Carvalho Leite, Maryam Salem Alkhatry, Laurens A. van Kleef, Salma Barakat, Said A. Al‐Busafi, Adwoa Agyei-Nkansah, Yasser Fouad, Jordi Gracia‐Sancho, Monica Lupșor‐Platon, John D. Ryan, Wah‐Kheong Chan, Helena Cortez‐Pinto, Mattias Mandorfer, Ajay Duseja, George Papatheodoridis, Sven Francque, Christopher D. Byrne, Giovanni Targher, Jacob George, Ming‐Hua Zheng, Yu Shi, Won Kim, Luca Valenti, Yusuf Yılmaz, Khin Maung Win, Saeed Hamid, Cosmas Rinaldi A. Lesmana, Stefano Romeo, Marlén Ivón Castellanos Fernández, Jérôme Boursier, C. Wendy Spearman, Subhashin Uditha Bandara Dassanayake, Khalid Alswat, Georgios Papatheodoridis, Abdel-Aziz Shaheen, Abdullah Sonsuz, Abdullah Abdulaziz Kha, Abdulrahman A. Aljumah, Abdulwahed Abdulaziz Alotay, Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk, Adel Nazmi Alqutub, Adnan Alzanbagi, Afag Ilham Alasgarova, Agustin Albillos, Ahmad Najib Azmi, Ahmed Ali Gomaa, Ahmet Uygun, Akash Shukla, Alaa M. Mostafa, Alan John Wigg, Alejandro Forner, Alessio Aghemo, Alexander James Venn Thompson, Alexandra Alexopoulou, Ali Mohamed Mahgoub, Alina Ioana Tanțău, Alnoor Ramji, Alshymaa Ahmed Hassnine, Amarjargal Enkhbold, Amr Mohamed Elsayed, Anca Victorita Trifan, Andreas Teufel, Ang Huang, Angelo Armandi, Anil Arora, Anja Geerts, Anna Elizabeth Di Bartolomeo, Antonio Olveira, Anuradha Supun Dassanayake, Arif Mansur COŞAR, Armand Abergel, A.F Carvalho, Ashish Kumar, Ashok Choudhury, Audrey Coilly, Avik Majumdar, Ayikoru Racheal Jane, Azer Naghiyev, Badamsuren Dorjgotov Khushuur, Balaraja S, Batchimeg Norjmaa, Batsukh Badamnachin, Beishi Zheng, Bilal Hameed, Bing Chen, Bo Tang, Bogdan Procopeț, Calvin Jianyi Koh, Cameron Gofton, Zhujun Cao, Carla Stephanie Coffin, Catalina Mihai, Cem Simsek, Chamila Erandaka Subasinghe, Changqing Yang, Charikleia Kranidioti, Chathura Lakmal Piyarathna, Chencheng Xie, Chengfu Xu, Chimidtseren Soodoi, Chris Verslype, Christian M. Lange, Christod K. Triantos, C Roderburg, Christophe Moreno, Christopher Kenneth Opio, Chundamannil Eapen, Chyntia Olivia Maurine Jasirwan, Cornelius Engelmann, Coşkun Özer Demirtaş, Cristina Cijevschi, Cumali Efe, Dan Ionut Gheonea, Daniel Yan Zheng Lim, Daniela Maria Matei, David Martí Aguado, Delgertsog Gantumur, Dhanushi Abeynayake, Dilara Turan Gökçe, Dilek Oğuz, Dimitrios S. Karagiannakis, Dimitrios N. Samonakis, Dina Attia, Doaa Abdeltawab, Doaa Ahmed Elwazzan, Ji Dong, Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, Edouard bardou-jacquet, Eileen Akonobea Micah, Eleni Gigi, Elvira Zhakishova, Emmanouil Sinakos, Enas Mohamed Kama, Enqiang Chen, Esmira Abdullayeva, Eugen Dumitru, Evangelos Cholongitas, Ezequiel Ridruejo, Faisal M. Sanai, Faisal Abdulrahman Abaalkhail, Faisal Mania Alotaibi, Fanpu, Fátima Higuera‐de‐la‐Tijera, Fehmi Ateş, Felix Aninagyei, Filipe Gaio Nery, Filiz Akyüz, Flavio Caprioli, Fredrik Åberg, Finland Michael Courtney, Georg Braun, Gian Eugenio Tontini, Giulia Tosetti, Grace Lai‐Hung Wong, Grazia Pennisi, Guan Sen Kew, Guilherme G. Macedo, Guoxin Zhang, Gupse Adalı, Hadi Kuriry, Hala Ibrahim Abdalla, Halis Simsek, Hamad I. Alashgar, Hani Akram Jawa, Haniza Omar, Hanson Y.H. Kwok, Hasan Yilmaz, Hashem El Serag, Heba Omar Aboelmagd, Heejoon Jang, Hei Tung Karen Lai, Hendra Koncoro, Hendrik Reynaert, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Hijran Khidirova, Hin Hin Ko, Horia Ştefănescu, Hu Ke-Qin, Huai-En Rachel Chang, Huihong Yu, Hyunseok Kim, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Iliana Panagiotis Mani, Ilker Turan, Ioan Sporea, Ioannis Vlachogiannakos, Isabelle Odette Colle, Isidoro Narváez-Rodríguez, James Patrick O'Beirne, James Sungsik Park, Janaka de Silva, Javier Crespo, Javier Ampuero, Jawahir Lal, Jessica Howell, Jie Li, Jie Chen, Jimmy Che‐To Lai, Jinyang Gu, Joan Genescà, Joana Espírito Santo, Johannes Wiegand, José Luís Calleja, J. A. Pons Miñano, Jose Luis Perez Hernandez, Joseph Lim, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Juan G. Abraldes, Juan Turnés, Juan Luo, Juan Pablo Arab, Judith Gómez Camarero, Jun Tie, Jun Xu, Ka Kei, Kadir Demır, Karthiha Balendran, Kate Diana Lynch, Kate Muller, Katherine Anne Stuart, Kemal Fariz Kalista, Ken Liu, Khairul Azhar Jaafar, Khalid Mohammed Ainaamani, Khishgee Duinkherjav, Konstantinos Mimidis, Kuang Kiat Kiew, Kuleesha Senarath Kodisinghe, Larisa-Daniela Sandulescu, Liangzhi Wen, Lode Van Overbeke, Louis Ho Shing Lau, Luca Miele, Lucia Parlati, Luis Calzadilla Bertot, Luisa García Buey, Manav Wadhawan, Madhumita Premkumar, Madunil Anuk Niriella, Mai Mehrez, Maimouna N Al Mandhari, Man Gu, Manuel Luis Rodriguez-Peralvarez, Manuel Arsénio Santos, Manuel Mendizábal, Marco Carbone, Marco Marzioni, Margaret Teng, Maria Mela, Mariana Verdelho Machado, Marina C. Berenguer, Mark Gordon Swain, Marta Casado, Mary Afihene, María Teresa Arias-Loste, Massimo Iavarone, Mattias Ekstedt, Mauricio Castillo Barradas, Mayur Brahmania, Melanie Deutsch, Melisa Dirchwolf, Mesut Akarsu, M. Christopher Wallace, Michael Okello, Michiaki Okada, Ming Zhang, Mirela Danilă, Mohamad Abdulhakim Alnassar, Mohamed Said, Mohamed Babatin, Mohamed AbdAllah, Mohamed-Naguib Abdalla Wifi, Mohammad Mawardi, Mohammed Aljawad, Mona Hassan Ismail, Muhammad Uwais Ashraf, Muhammad Ashfaq, Muhammad Kamran, Mujdat Zeybel, Munkhzaya Chogsom, Murat Akyıldız, Murzakulova Altyn Borubaevna, Mário Guimarães Pessoa, Nada Abdalla Zakaria, Nadia Abdelaaty Abdelkader, Nan Lan, Nancy Reau, Nandana Pushpakumara Dinamithra, Narendra Singh Choudhary, N. Masri, Nathalie Ganne, Navneet Ramlaul, Nazri Mustaffa, Nelia Hernandez, N.F. F, Nicolas Lanthier, Nikolaos Gatselis, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Norasiah Abu Bakar, Norberto C. Chavez-Tapia, Noriko Oza, Nurdan Ayse Tozun, Nurgul Asylbekovna Toktogulova, Olga Hilda Orasan, Oliver Dariush Tavabie, Om Parkash, Omar AlSiyabi, Onur Keskın, P. Martin Padilla, Paraskevi Fytili, Patrick Grant Northup, Patrik Nasr, Paul Carrier, Pavel Strnad, Pearl Amarquaye, Peng–Sheng Ting, Pierre‐Emmanuel Rautou, Pieter Honkoop, Pieter ter Borg, Pimsiri Sripongpun, Piyush Ranjan, Pongphob Intaraprasong, Prasun Kumar Jalal, Qasim Abbas, Qi Wang, Qiang Zhu, Qin Feng, Rachael Jacob, Rafael Bañares, Rahul Kumar, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Raksana Jalilova, Ramon Bataller, Rashid Lui, Raul Jesus Andrade, Reda Elwakil, Remzi Adnan Akdoğan, Ricardo Chiang, Rita Lin, Robert Gareth Gish, Roberta D'Ambrosio, Rodrigo Larrain Zapata, Rohit Mehtani, Rolando Ortega, Zhu Rong, Rosa María Martín Mateos, Roxana Șirli, Ruwan Perera, Sadiq Muhammad Achakzai, Sae Kyung Joo, Safaa M Abdelhalim, Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn, Saleh Alqahtani, Salome Bandoh, Saltanat Maharramzade, Salvatore Petta, Samy Zaky, Sanjeewa Viranjan Aryasingha, Sanjiv Mahadeva, Sara Elfadil Mohammed Ali, Sarra Dafalla ElHag Yousif, Saut Horas Nababan, Scott K. Fung, Shamardan Ezzeldin Bazeed, Shereen Abdel Alem, Shirley Bong, Shotaro Noge, Shun Fai Ivan Lau, Simone Strasser, Sith Siramolpiwat, Siwaporn P. Chainuvati, Soek-Siam Tan, Steven-Huy Bui Han, Stuart Keith Roberts, Su Lin, Sudul Mananjala Senanayake, Sumedha Udumalagala, Suna Yapalı, Sunil Kumar Dadhich, Supun Kulatunga, Surender Singh, Syifa Mustika, Tao Chen, Tarkan Karakan, Tawesak Tanwandee, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Theodoros Androutsakos, Thoas Schiano, Thomas Vanwolleghem, Thuraisingam Kesavan, Ting Ting Chan, Tony Bruns, Trinidad Serrano, Tsogt-Ochir Byambajav, Tungalag Byambadorj, Vadivel Vijitharan, Valentin Militaru, Valentin Fuhrmann, Vanesa Bernal, Vassilios Sevastianos, Vianney Kweyamba, Victoria Akosua Agyen-Frimpong, Vincent Chen, Vithiya Rishikesavan, Waleed K. Al-hamoudi, Wan Ying Lai, Wenjun Deng, Wile Balkhed, Wilhelmus Josephus Kwanten, Wim Laleman, Wing Kwan Claudia Wu, Xiaowei Liu, Yan Tao, Yasemin Hatice Balaban, Yasmin Mohammed Gaber, Yee Hui Yeo, Yeong Yeh Lee, Yingli He, Yiying Pei, Yongning Xin, Yujun Wong, Yubao Zheng, Yuchen Fan, Yusif Alkhazov, Yusimik Román Martínez, Yuting Huang, Zakariya Rashid AL-Naamani, Zaur Orujov, Li Zhangqin, Zhengrui You, Zulkhairi, Zulkhuu Genden, Çağlayan Keklikkıran

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80Institutions déclarées

49Pays d’affiliation déclarés

Rattachement africain : cn, de, hk, gb, ca, es, us, fr, kr, it, tr, mm, Ouganda, am, bd, pk, id, se, fi, jp, th, ph, vn, Afrique du Sud, lk, az, sg, mx, nz, sa, lb, Algérie, br, ae, nl, Soudan, om, Ghana, Égypte, ch, ro, ie, my, pt, at, in, gr, be, au. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.

Le résumé fourni par la source

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatology is experiencing major shifts in disease etiologies and is raising demand for multidisciplinary care. However, a globally harmonized framework defining core training content remains lacking. We aimed to develop a globally informed expert consensus framework for the content of core hepatology training, to provide a structured foundation for curriculum development. METHODS: A two-round modified Delphi using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was conducted. A comprehensive list of curriculum items was developed from international training standards, refined by a steering committee, and rated by a stratified international panel. Consensus was determined using medians and a disagreement index (DI), which classified curriculum items as essential, desirable, or optional. RESULTS: A total of 456 experts completed Round 1, of whom 78.7% also completed Round 2. Consensus was strongest for foundational knowledge and core diagnostic skills, including interpretation of abnormal liver function and liver screening test results, and non-invasive fibrosis assessment (both DI = 0). Management of major liver diseases was consistently prioritized as essential. Procedures with the highest endorsement for independent performance were paracentesis, transient elastography, variceal screening, and endoscopic variceal therapy. Consensus was limited for conventional ultrasonography and advanced interventions, reflecting regional variability in resources and scope of practice. Most experts (79.1%) supported formal training in research methodology, and the median recommended fellowship length was 24 months. Subgroup differences were mainly observed in selected resource-dependent or highly specialized items. CONCLUSIONS: This global consensus offers a priority-stratified outline of core hepatology training content providing a practical foundation for curriculum development and staged implementation across diverse health systems. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Our study provides a consensus-based, priority-stratified framework for core hepatology training content that may inform curriculum development and local adaptation, given the growing global burden of liver disease and the heterogeneity of training standards. This framework may support curriculum mapping and local adaptation for trainees, program directors, professional societies, and policymakers, including in settings where structured hepatology training pathways are still evolving. In practical terms, these findings may assist educators and institutions in reviewing and refining national curricula and training structures. However, specific implementation decisions, including accreditation requirements and procedural training standards, will need to be adapted to local regulatory and resource contexts. Recognizing that these recommendations are based on expert consensus rather than outcome data and may be variably implementable in resource-limited settings, the next steps are pilot implementation in diverse settings, evaluation of trainee and patient outcomes, and iterative revision, supported by coordinated efforts from societies, governments, and training institutions.

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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert

DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.

Titre Crossref: Delphi survey to explore core curriculum for training the next generation of hepatologists
Date Crossref: 01/09/2026
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
Type: journal-article

Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.

Où se fait cette recherche

National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases pays non établi dans la notice
Établissement de santé
First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University pays non établi dans la notice
Établissement de santé
State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases pays non établi dans la notice
Structure de recherche
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin pays non établi dans la notice
Établissement de santé
Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Medicine and Therapeutics pays non établi dans la notice
Université ou école supérieure
Queen Mary University of London Blizard Institute pays non établi dans la notice
Université ou école supérieure
Blizard Institute pays non établi dans la notice
Université ou école supérieure
McGill University Health Centre Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology pays non établi dans la notice
Établissement de santé
Foundation for Liver Research pays non établi dans la notice
Organisation à but non lucratif
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla pays non établi dans la notice
Structure de recherche
NYU Langone Health pays non établi dans la notice
Établissement de santé
Inserm pays non établi dans la notice
Organisme public

National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University et State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, avec 9 autres affiliations. Pays d’affiliation : Ouganda, Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Soudan, Ghana, Égypte.

Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.

Les sujets associés

Innovations in Medical EducationGlobal Health and SurgeryRadiology practices and education

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