Comparison of rumen microbiota and meat metabolism in lambs under different feeding regimes: insights for optimizing growth performance and meat quality

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This study investigated effects of three feeding systems — indoor feeding (CK), artificial pasture grazing for 4 h with indoor feeding (G4H), and 8 h with indoor feeding (G8H) — on lamb growth performance, meat quality, rumen microbiota, and muscle metabolites using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Pasture-grazing groups produced meat with superior quality, particularly in fatty acid (FA) profiles than CK group, and G4H lambs exhibited higher average daily gain and meat crude protein (CP) content ( P < 0.05). Key rumen microorganisms, including Butyrivibrio 2 and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 , as well as metabolites such as (R) -salsolinol and acrylamide, were significantly associated with meat tenderness, CP content, and FA content ( P < 0.05 and |r| ≥ 0.49). Artificial pasture grazing improved meat quality by reshaping rumen microbiota and modulating metabolic pathways, presenting a preferable strategy for producing healthier lamb meat, with the G4H system offering the greatest growth performance.

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