Global experience in managing patients underwent COVID-19

Le résumé fourni par la source

The COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) pandemic has led to a widespread prevalence of post-COVID syndrome, which is characterized by multisystem damage to the body and long-term functional impairment. Patients with comorbidities, who are at high risk of developing complications after COVID-19, are a particular challenge for modern healthcare systems. It is considered appropriate to review global practices for managing patients in the post-COVID period and compare them with the domestic model of in-depth medical check-up due to the lack of uniform standards. Objective. To perform a comprehensive analysis of international experience and modern organizational models for patient management in the post-COVID period. Materials and methods. A search for scientific literature was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as official documents from the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation for the period from 2020 to November 2025. Based on current guidelines and research protocols, a comparative analysis of approaches to diagnosis and patient routing in the post-COVID period in the UK, USA, Canada, China and the Russian Federation was performed. Results. In the USA, the UK and Canada, outpatient management in primary care and referral of patients with complex symptoms to specialized multidisciplinary clinics are the foundation of care. China has introduced a system of early post-discharge rehabilitation supported by a network of specialized hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine methods. In the Russian Federation, routing is based on a centralized program of in-depth medical check-up, which is aimed at proactive mass screening of the population and early detection of organ complications, primarily in patients with comorbid pathology. A comparative analysis revealed common trends: the leading role of the primary care physician, patient centricity and priority attention to patients with comorbid pathology. However, national systems differ fundamentally in terms of patient selection criteria, the scope of diagnosis and the level of care centralization. The Russian model provides the highest population coverage, but is less focused on long-term and personalized patient management than its Western analogues. Conclusions. In the absence of universal treatment algorithms, the identification and management of patients with post-COVID syndrome should be based on a symptom-based and interdisciplinary approach. International practice demonstrates the effectiveness of various organizational approaches: from the creation of specialized outpatient clinics to the development of large-scale screening programs. Further development of national healthcare models should include mandatory risk stratification, more intensive implementation of telemedicine technologies and optimization of physical rehabilitation programs.

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