Prevalence of and risk factors for postpartum depression and anxiety after the COVID-19 pandemic

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Background/Aims Postpartum depression affects maternal–infant wellbeing and child development. This review's aim was to synthesise evidence on postpartum depression's prevalence and associated risk factors across countries in the post-lockdown period. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted for research published between 2022 and 2024 on the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Results Overall, 17 articles were included. The mean postpartum depression prevalence was 29.55%, with higher rates in high-income countries. Lockdown measures were linked to increased postpartum depression rates in high-income settings. Conclusions Context-sensitive screening and interdisciplinary strategies involving midwives, mental health professionals and allied health teams are needed to effectively address postpartum depression. Implications for practice Routine screening should be part of postnatal care, with clear pathways for referral to mental health professionals when needed. Culturally appropriate counselling, peer support and accessible telehealth could help reduce disparities between settings.

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