PROPOSAL FOR A CLIMATE-INFORMED EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE MODEL IN THE FACE OF EL NIÑO IN BRAZIL: ONE HEALTH, EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE IN THE UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM

Résumé fourni par la source

El Niño is a climate phenomenon of major relevance to public health, particularly in territorially extensive, socially unequal and environmentally diverse countries such as Brazil. Its effects on temperature, rainfall patterns, droughts, floods, wildfires, water availability, fauna, vectors and territorial dynamics can modify disease transmission patterns, increase social vulnerabilities and place pressure on health services. This narrative review discusses how Brazilian epidemiological surveillance should prepare for the effects of El Niño, considering climate-sensitive diseases and events, information systems of the Unified Health System, the One Health approach, epizootic surveillance, intersectoral response, risk communication and core capacities under the International Health Regulations. The literature shows associations between climate variability, arboviruses, malaria, leptospirosis, diarrheal diseases, respiratory conditions, heat-related events, psychosocial suffering and changes in human-animal-environment interfaces. As an applied contribution, this article proposes an operational model for climate-informed epidemiological surveillance structured around five axes: anticipating, integrating, prioritizing, responding and evaluating. Preparedness for El Niño should be permanent, territorialized, federative, risk-oriented and connected to the Unified Health System, Civil Defense, sanitation, primary health care, laboratories, environmental agencies, veterinary services and situation rooms.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.