Integration of renewable energy with electric vehicle systems: A review of charging infrastructure, vehicle-to-grid technologies, and energy management

Le résumé fourni par la source

As the world rapidly shifts to sustainable transportation, a smart and efficient integration system is needed to link renewable energy and electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. The variable nature of renewable energy generation (solar and wind) and spatiotemporal variations in the charging demands of EV fleets pose key technical challenges in charging reliability, grid stability, and charging system efficiency. This systematic review presents the evidence from 145 peer-reviewed publications between 2015 and 2024 identified through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-based searches of the IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Springer and PubMed databases. The paper explores four key areas: renewable energy-integrated charging station designs, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) bidirectional power flow technologies, battery management strategies to prolong cycle life and artificial intelligence (AI)-based energy management strategies. Notable observations include that solar-powered charging stations attain energy self-sufficiency of 62–89% under ideal conditions, and V2G technologies result in improvements in grid frequency regulation of up to 34%. AI-driven charging strategies decrease the peak demand by 28–41% over unoptimised charging. Significant research opportunities lie in real-time multi-source energy arbitrage, V2G communication standards, dynamic battery management in the face of renewable variability-induced degradation, and scalable AI-based controllers for diverse grid environments. The results provide a unified domain-wise taxonomy and vision for future research in sustainable electromobility. Beyond summarising prior results, this revised review provides a critical synthesis that links reported performance ranges to validation maturity, techno-economic context, lifecycle implications, deployment barriers, and recent 2025–2026 developments in EV routing, fleet coordination, charging infrastructure planning and hydrogen-assisted charging.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.