ANTIBIOTIC MISUSE AMONG OUTPATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL (UNTH)

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Background Antibiotic misuse remains a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to antibiotics is poorly regulated. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and determinants of antibiotic misuse among outpatients in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH). Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 adult outpatients selected using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 30. Descriptive statistics summarized variables, while chi-square tests assessed associations, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results Although 69.5% of respondents correctly identified antibiotic misuse and 92.7% recognized its link to AMR, inappropriate practices were prevalent. Approximately 61.7% reported using antibiotics without a prescription, 53.6% discontinued treatment prematurely, and only 32.3% consistently completed prescribed courses. Misconceptions persisted, with about 40% believing antibiotics are effective against viral infections. Factors influencing misuse included prior illness experience, non-professional advice, cost, and ease of access from pharmacies. Conclusion Despite relatively high awareness, a significant gap exists between knowledge and practice. Strengthening antibiotic stewardship through patient education, stricter regulation, and improved healthcare access is essential to reduce misuse.