Expression of miR-155-5p and SOCS1 in colorectal cancer tissues and their clinical significance

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Objectives To investigate the expression of microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and their clinical significance. Methods A total of 121 patients with newly diagnosed CRC who received initial treatment at Baoding First Hospital from May 2020 to May 2024 were enrolled. Surgical cancer tissue specimens were collected, and the expression levels of miR-155-5p and SOCS1 mRNA were measured. Based on the median expression levels, patients were divided into lowexpression groups (miR-155-5p＜2.61, SOCS1＜0.92) and highexpression groups (miR-155-5p ≥ 2.61, SOCS1 ≥ 0.92) . Followup ended in May 2025. According to outpatient followup results, patients without recurrence or metastasis were assigned to the good prognosis group (n=87) , and those with recurrence or metastasis were assigned to the poor prognosis group (n=34) . Clinicopathological data were compared between the two groups. The targeting relationship and binding sites between miR-155-5p and SOCS1 were predicted using the TargetScan database. Pearson correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and mediation effect modeling were used to assess the impact of miR-155-5p and SOCS1 mRNA levels on patient prognosis. Results The expression levels of miR-155-5p and SOCS1 mRNA in CRC tissues were associated with smoking history, diabetes history, TNM stage, differentiation degree, and lymph node invasion (P＜0.05) . A potential binding site for SOCS1 was identified in the miR-155-5p sequence, suggesting a possible targeting relationship. Pearson correlation analysis showed that SOCS1 mRNA level was negatively correlated with miR-155-5p level (r=-0.528, P＜0.05) . Univariate analysis indicated that diabetes history, TNM stage, differentiation degree, lymph node invasion, and miR-155-5p and SOCS1 mRNA levels were associated with CRC prognosis (P＜0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that miR-155-5p and SOCS1 mRNA levels were independent prognostic factors for poor prognosis, with significant trends (P for trend＜0.001) . ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of the combination of miR-155-5p and SOCS1 mRNA for diagnosing poor prognosis in CRC was 0.19, with an area under the curve of 0.897, which was significantly better than either indicator alone (Z for combination=1.629, Z for combination vs. SOCS1 mRNA=3.372, Z for miR-155-5p vs. combination=2.425; all P＜0.05) . Mediation analysis indicated that SOCS1 mRNA played a partial mediating role in the association between miR-155-5p and poor prognosis. The indirect effect accounted for 23.4% of the total effect, and the direct effect accounted for 76.6% of the total effect. Conclusion Patients with poor prognosis of CRC show increased miR-155-5p expression and decreased SOCS1 mRNA expression. Both are closely associated with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

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