Bioactive lipids from grains and their effects on intestinal homeostasis: a review

Le résumé fourni par la source

Grains are staple foods for a large proportion of the global population and are characterized by high carbohydrate content, with proteins and lipids present in lower amounts. Among these macronutrients, specific bioactive lipids have been reported to exert physiological effects, including reducing blood pressure, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and promoting intestinal health. Research on bioactive lipids has therefore attracted considerable attention. The intestinal tract is a major site for digestion and absorption and also serves as an important defense barrier against harmful external substances. Maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is closely associated with overall health. Studies have shown that certain active food components, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, and α-linolenic acid, regulate the physical, chemical, and immune barriers of the intestinal tract, as well as the gut microbiota. However, research on the effects of various bioactive ingredients in food on intestinal homeostasis in different physiological states remains incomplete, particularly regarding the regulatory effects of bioactive lipids. Further comprehensive studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms by which bioactive lipids regulate intestinal homeostasis. This review systematically summarizes the classification of bioactive lipids in grains, intestinal homeostasis, and current research on the regulatory effects of bioactive food ingredients, including bioactive lipids, on intestinal homeostasis, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for future research. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

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