Perennicordyceps liupanshuiensis Y. Yang, B. X. Zhang & Y. P. Xiao 2026, sp. nov.

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Perennicordyceps liupanshuiensis Y. Yang, B. X. Zhang & Y. P. Xiao sp. nov. Figs 2, 3 Etymology. The epithet “ liupanshuiensis ” refers to the type location “Liupanshui City, China.” Holotype. China • Guizhou Province, Liupanshui City, Shuicheng County, occurs on the larvae of Coleoptera, on leaf litter, 26°27'43.18"N, 104°48'37.98"E, 2377 m elev., 31 July 2022, Jing-Yi Zhang, SC 194 (HKAS 132267, Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences). Description. Parasitic on the larvae of Coleoptera. Host 2.1–3.3 × 0.2–0.4 cm, reddish-brown, without hyphae on the surface. Sexual morph: Stromata 2.4–3.5 × 0.18–0.32 cm diam., mostly single, cylindrical, unbranched, emerging from the head of the larva body, yellowish-white. Fertile head 4.5 × 6 mm, subglobose, pale yellow when fresh, pale yellow-brown when dry, distinct from the stipe. Stipe 1.5–2.3 × 0.18–0.21 cm, pale yellow, straight, unbranched, glossy, cylindrical, inside not hollow. Perithecia 255–356 × 155–231 μm (x ̄ = 305.5 × 193 µm, n = 30), superficial, ampulliform, ostiolate, thick-walled. Asci 170–208 × 4.6–5.7 μm (x ̄ = 189 × 5.15 µm, n = 30), hyaline, filiform, with a thin apex. Ascospores filiform, equal to the asci in length, when mature, breaking into numerous secondary ascospores. Secondary ascospores 1.3–3.1 × 1.1–1.3 µm (x ̄ = 2.2 × 1.2, n = 40), short cylindrical, one-celled, straight, hyaline, smooth. Asexual morph: Synnemata 3.5–8.5 × 0.5–1.2 mm, numerous, slender, erect, white, arising from the host and surrounding substrate, scattered to gregarious, not distinctly swollen at the apex. Hyphae forming a superficial layer on the host surface, from which conidiogenous structures arise. Conidiophores reduced, not clearly differentiated. Phialides 8.7–19.5 × 1.8–2.7 µm (x ̄ = 14.4 × 2.25, n = 40), solitary, arising directly from hyphae, short, slender, slightly tapering. Conidia 3.3–4.5 × 1.5–2.1 µm (x ̄ = 3.9 × 1.8, n = 40), hyaline, smooth-walled, one-celled, ellipsoid to ovoid. Culture characters. Not observed. Repeated isolation attempts were made from both sexual and asexual specimens; however, no stable culture was obtained. Other material examined. China • Yunnan Province, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe County, parasitic on a larva of Coleoptera, buried in the soil, 23°16'15.60"N, 102°17'27.60"E, 1963 m elev., 18 July 2024, Yu Yang, YY 24345 - a (HKAS 145891, paratype). Notes. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses place Perennicordyceps liupanshuiensis in a well-supported clade within Perennicordyceps, closely related to Pe. zongqii (Fig. 1). Since Pe. zongqii is known only from its asexual morph, comparison between the two species is restricted to asexual characteristics. Perennicordyceps liupanshuiensis differs from Pe. zongqii in having shorter and simpler phialides (8.7–19.5 × 1.8–2.7 μm vs. 29.3–31.1 × 1.5–2.4 μm), which arise directly from hyphae, whereas Pe. zongqii produces well-developed conidiophores bearing multiple phialides (Chen et al. 2024). Ecologically, Pe. liupanshuiensis occurs on larvae of Coleoptera, whereas Pe. zongqii has been reported from Lepidoptera larvae (Chen et al. 2024). Pairwise sequence comparisons between Pe. liupanshuiensis and its closest relatives show differences of 1.5 % (10 / 655 bp) in ITS, 1.7 % (15 / 874 bp) in tef - 1 α, and 2.1 % (20 / 950 bp) in rpb 2 (Chen et al. 2024). Therefore, Perennicordyceps liupanshuiensis is recognized as a distinct species based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence.

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