Sustainable Production of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Application in Healthcare and Cleanup of Contaminated Regions

Le résumé fourni par la source

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been developed as very adaptable nanomaterials because of their unique magnetic characteristics, high surface area to volume ratio, variable surface chemistry, and broad use in biomedical and environmental sectors. This review gives a thorough account of recent achievements in the synthesis, characterization, surface functionalization and applications of IONPs with particular emphasis on the comparative merits and demerits of physical, chemical and green synthetic techniques. The impact of synthetic methods on particle size, shape, crystal structure, magnetic properties and colloidal stability is critically reviewed and the relevance of modern characterization techniques in the evaluation of nanoparticle quality and performance is discussed. We thoroughly examine healthcare applications of IONPs, such as drug administration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biosensing, antimicrobial therapy, magnetic hyperthermia and developing theragnostic platforms. Recent advances in surface engineering, magnetic targeting and multifunctional nanoplatforms are highlighted as important drivers to precision medicine. Environmental applications such as heavy metal adsorption, dye removal, photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants and wastewater remediation are also reviewed with emphasis on removal efficiency, reusability and operational problems. In addition, the paper critically discusses the main challenges for clinical translation and commercialization such as repeatability, large-scale manufacturing, biodistribution, long-term toxicity, regulatory requirements and storage stability. Finally, future perspectives for sustainable green synthesis, artificial intelligence-assisted nanoparticle optimization, enhanced surface functionalization, and multifunctional theragnostic systems are discussed to pave the way for the next generation of IONP research and development.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.