Natural variation in the COT1 promoter improves rice seedling cold tolerance by OsCBF3-dependent transcriptional activation

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Low-temperature stress is a major constraint on global rice production. Identifying novel genetic resources that enhance cold tolerance is therefore critical for achieving high and stable rice yields. Here, we cloned COLD TOLERANCE1 (COT1), a quantitative trait locus from common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) that confers cold tolerance at the seedling stage and encodes an AN1-like zinc finger protein. We demonstrated that natural variation in the COT1 promoter modulates its transcriptional activation by OsCBF3, thereby regulating COT1 expression and cold tolerance in seedlings. Furthermore, COT1 promotes the degradation of CK2β3, leading to increased phosphate accumulation and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under cold stress. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance at the seedling stage and provide valuable genetic resources for improving cold tolerance in rice.

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