Exploring the Cardioprotective Effects of Pterolobium Hexapetalum Roth Extract Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats: A Focus on Beta1-Adrenergic Agonism

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Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Pterolobium hexapetalum (EEPH) against ISO-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats and to investigate its possible role in preserving myocardial integrity. Methods: Rats were pretreated orally with EEPH at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days. MI was induced by subcutaneous administration of ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) at 24-hour intervals for two consecutive days (days 31 and 32). Twenty-four hours after the final ISO injection, blood was collected from the retro-orbital sinus for biochemical analysis of cardiac injury markers. Hearts were excised for histopathological examination. Metoprolol served as the standard reference drug. Results: ISO administration significantly elevated serum Troponin-T (0.714 ± 0.033 ng/mL), AST (212.2 ± 8.19 U/L), ALT (152.7 ± 7.42 U/L), total cholesterol (185.3 ± 9.51 mg/dL), and triglycerides (180.6 ± 5.45 mg/dL), confirming severe myocardial injury. Pretreatment with EEPH significantly and dose-dependently reduced these elevated biochemical markers. The higher dose of EEPH (200 mg/kg) demonstrated greater cardioprotection, with Troponin-T reduced to 0.510 ± 0.063 ng/mL, AST to 83.78 ± 3.28 U/L, and ALT to 46.44 ± 0.92 U/L, showing results comparable to metoprolol. Lipid profile abnormalities were also significantly improved. Histopathological findings further supported these results by showing marked reduction in myocardial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of Pterolobium hexapetalum possesses significant cardioprotective activity against ISO-induced myocardial injury in rats. These findings suggest that EEPH could be a promising therapeutic agent for the management of myocardial infarction.

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