The Burden and Care of Orofacial Cleft in Sierra Leone: A Scoping Review

Résumé fourni par la source

Orofacial cleft (OFC) is the most common congenital anomaly of the head and neck, with a global prevalence estimate of 4.6 million cases. Orofacial cleft is characterized by facial deformation and structural defects in the craniofacial complex causing serious aesthetic and functional challenges. This also lead to societal stigma, speech and feeding problems, middle ear infection and increased risk of caries. While the global prevalence of OFC averages 1 in 700 live births, it is about 1 in 2,500 live births among Africans. Oro-facial clefts may occur as isolated cases or as part of an underlying syndrome. Isolated cases of orofacial clefts have been linked to various risk factors, including maternal substance use, infections during pregnancy, prenatal nutritional deficiencies, and the use of herbal medications, particularly in certain regions of Africa. Cultural beliefs and superstitions often worsen the conditions among those affected. Misconceptions about OFCs lead to discrimination and social isolation. Given the paucity of scientific information on OFC care in Sierra Leone, this scoping review aims to synthesize empirical evidences concerning the burden and care of OFCs in the country. This study seeks to identify knowledge gaps, stimulate research, and inform policies in Sierra Leone regarding the burden and care of orofacial cleft.