Charge-transfer complexes involving carbonyldiimidazole and hydroxybenzotriazole as donors and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone as acceptor

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Charge-transfer (CT) reactions have attracted significant research interest due to their potential for developing novel CT materials with unique properties that are valuable in both fundamental research and materials science. This study examines the physical properties and optical band gaps of new CT complexes synthesized via interactions between two organic donors: carbonyldiimidazole (D1) and hydroxybenzotriazole (D2), and the acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). Solid DDQ-D1 and DDQ-D2 complexes were prepared using two methods: liquid-liquid and solid-solid techniques, depending on the initial states of the reactants. The liquid-liquid method involved dissolving both components in a solvent, mixing their solutions in a specific ratio, evaporating the solvent, and isolating/purifying the resulting complex. The solid-solid method entailed grinding the components together to promote direct complex formation through intimate contact. Both approaches yielded the same 1:1 CT complexes between DDQ and each donor. The formation of these complexes is an exothermic, spontaneous process, as confirmed by elemental analysis, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy (which exhibited a characteristic n→π* transition, and physical parameters calculated using established equations. KEY WORDS: Charge-transfer reaction, DDQ acceptor, Organic donors, Physical parameters Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2026, 40(9), 1809-1825. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v40i9.1

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