Association between Grip Strength, Timed Up and Go Test, and Domains of Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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Objective: This study aimed to examine the associations of various physical function measures with global and domain-specific cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults and to explore the potential utility of these measures as supplementary clinical indicators for assessing cognitive status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 366 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (mean age 77.46 ± 4.76 years) residing in B City. Physical function was assessed using handgrip strength, gait speed, FTSS, SPPB, and the TUG test. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test to measure global cognitive function and six specific cognitive domains. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: All physical function measures were significantly associated with global cognitive function. In particular, handgrip strength (β = 0.334) and the Timed Up and Go test (β = -0.258) were identified as key variables showing relatively stronger associations with global cognitive function. In the domain-specific analysis, physical function measures were significantly associated with visuospatial function, executive function, and memory, whereas no significant association was observed with language function. Conclusion: Physical function was closely associated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults and showed differential associations with specific cognitive domains. In particular, handgrip strength and the Timed Up and Go test showed relatively stronger associations with cognitive function, suggesting their potential utility as supplementary indicators for assessing functional status related to cognition. Integrating physical and cognitive function assessments may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline and the development of tailored intervention programs for older adults.

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