Eco-friendly-synthesized chitosan–zinc oxide–selenium nanocomposites: characterization and insecticidal activity

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In this work, the chitosan–zinc oxide–selenium nanocomposites (Ch–ZnO–Se NCs) were prepared in an affordable and eco-friendly way. Throughout the synthesis stage, chitosan served as reducing and stabilising agent. Different analytical techniques were employed to characterize the resulting nanocomposites. The findings demonstrated that irregular spherical-nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 73.95 nm were the predominant feature of the generated Ch–ZnO–Se NCs. The present study demonstrates that the mosquito vector Culex pipiens exhibit larvicidal and adulticidal effects upon exposure to the generated Ch–ZnO–Se NCs. The 23.308, 57.167 μg/ml and 30.632, 52.063 μg/ml were the recorded LC 50 and LC 90 values, respectively. Adult mortality reached 97.33% at the same dose, whereas the maximum larval mortality reached 100% at 60 μg/ml. As applied doses rose, the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme increased but the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme declined. Molecular docking studies were conducted on concentrations of Ch–ZnO–Se NCs against acetylcholinesterase (AChE, PDB: 5x61) and glutathione S-transferase (GST, PDB: 1pn9) using MOE 2015. Concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 μg/ml) of Ch–ZnO–Se NCs exhibited stronger binding affinities than the controls, with 40 μg/ml showing the highest interaction (− 8.4233 kcal/mol) for AChE and 30 μg/ml (− 6.6624 kcal/mol) for GST. The results align with in-vitro assays, suggesting these compounds as potential inhibitors.

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