Engineered Nonheme Iron Enzymes Enable Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkenes

Le résumé fourni par la source

Developing biocatalytic systems capable of reducing simple alkenes is highly desirable for synthetic chemistry and biosynthesis, yet existing enzymes remain largely restricted to their ability to convert polarized, electron-deficient substrates. Here, we present a nonheme iron metalloenzyme platform that enables hydrogenation of styrenes, conjugated nitriles and amides, and nonconjugated olefins through a putative iron–hydride mechanism. Starting from the Fe(II)/ α -ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase GOX, iterative rounds of directed evolution produced an engineered “alkene hydrogenase” (AHase-6) containing 16 mutations and promoting NaBH 4 -driven reduction across diverse C═C bond motifs. Kinetic analysis indicates that this enzymatic hydrogenation process proceeds via formation of an enzyme–substrate ternary complex through a sequential mechanism. Mechanistic studies further reveal that alkene insertion occurs with regioselectivity governed primarily by substrate electronics and sterics. These findings establish nonheme iron enzymes as an unrecognized scaffold for metal–hydride-based hydrogenation and highlight their potential as sustainable, tunable alternatives to traditional catalytic systems.

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