Impact of Somatic Cell Count on Lipogenic and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Holstein Cattle

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Abstract Somatic cells result from desquamation of mammary epithelium and contribute to the synthesis and secretion of numerous milk components. Transcriptome analyses have demonstrated a high similarity between genes expressed in the mammary gland and those present in milk somatic cells, enabling the use of this sample in gene expression assays. In this study, we standardized methods for obtaining somatic cells from milk of Holstein cattle and for subsequent total RNA extraction. Then, we evaluated the relative gene expression of milk somatic cells from cows with low and high somatic cell counts (SCC), focusing on lipogenic (GPAM and FASN) and antioxidant (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPx1, GPx3, and CAT) genes. qRT-PCR assays revealed lower gene expression of the GPAM gene in cows with high SCC, while no statistically significant differences were observed for the other genes analyzed. The obtained data reinforce the effect of SCC on altering milk characteristics, resulting from changes in gene expression in milk somatic cells. Thus, it is essential to consider evaluating numerous intrinsic/environmental factors to which the sample groups are subjected when analyzing differentially expressed genes. Additionally, improving non-invasive evaluation techniques, combined with animal welfare considerations, enables the advancement of scientific studies using gene expression methodologies.

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