FBG-Based Wearable Sensors for Healthcare 4.0: A System-Level Review With AI, Generative AI, and XAI Integration

Résumé fourni par la source

Wearable sensor (WS) technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for continuous physiological monitoring. Among various sensing approaches, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as strong candidates for wearable systems due to their lightweight nature, electromagnetic immunity, multiplexing capability, and high sensitivity to strain, temperature, and motion. This review presents recent developments in FBG-based wearable sensors within the framework of Healthcare 4.0, where sensing, computation, and communication are integrated into a unified cyber-physical architecture. A structured literature review methodology is adopted to ensure comprehensive coverage and reproducibility. The fundamentals of FBG sensing and their implementation in wearable platforms are first outlined. Representative applications-including MRI-compatible cardiorespiratory monitoring, carotid pulse assessment, skin temperature mapping, gait analysis, and joint posture detection-are examined to highlight the performance advantages of FBG systems. A comparative analysis is further provided to distinguish FBG wearables from conventional electronic sensors in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and compatibility with clinical environments. Key challenges, such as interrogator size, power consumption, and placement-dependent sensitivity variations, are critically discussed. Emerging solutions are explored through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for model interpretability, generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for synthetic data augmentation and improved generalization, and singular value decomposition (SVD)-based signal decoupling and dimensionality reduction for efficient edge processing. Additionally, advancements in compact photonic interrogators and fog-cloud data processing frameworks are highlighted. Therefore, FBG-based wearable technologies demonstrate strong potential for enabling reliable, high-precision, and intelligent health monitoring in next-generation Healthcare 4.0 systems.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.