Modeled and observed evapotranspiration time series for 28 flux sites (CLM multilayer canopy vs. single-layer canopy)

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Data archive supporting the manuscript "Multilayer canopy model outperforms big-leaf model for evapotranspiration predictions under high water and heat stress conditions" (Authors: Raghav, Liu, Kumar, Bisht) This archive provides, for each of 28 eddy-covariance sites, the hourly time series of modeled and observed evapotranspiration (ET) together with the meteorological drivers used to force the models. ET is reported as latent heat flux (LE), in W m⁻², the native model and tower-measurement unit (to convert to a water flux, divide by the latent heat of vaporization λ ≈ 2.45 × 10⁶ J kg⁻¹: 1 W m⁻² ≈ 0.00147 mm h⁻¹). The two model configurations are run from the same CLM-ml code and differ only in the number of within-canopy layers; in this archive both configurations use identical below-ground (root) and soil parameters, so that differences reflect the above-ground canopy representation alone. Contents File Description _ET_hourly.csv` Per-site hourly time series (28 files; columns below). all_sites_ET_hourly.csv All 28 sites concatenated (same columns, plus `Site`). sites_metadata.csv Site list with latitude, longitude, number of hours, and date range. model_forcing_netcdf/ _forcing.nc Complete model forcing for each site (all driver variables and the gap-filled/closure-corrected flux products; see below) Sites (28) CA-Cbo, CA-Gro, CA-TP3, CA-TPD, CH-Lae, CZ-Lnz, CZ-RAJ, CZ-Stn, DE-Hai, FR-Bil, FR-Hes, IT-Cp2, IT-SR2, US-Bar, US-Me2, US-Me6, US-NC1, US-NR1, US-Oho, US-UMB, US-UMd, US-xAB, US-xBR, US-xDL, US-xHA, US-xJE, US-xTA, US-xTR. Coordinates and record lengths are in sites_metadata.csv. Columns in _ET_hourly.csv Column Definition Units TIMESTAMP Time at the start of the hour, as provided in the model forcing (site local-standard-time convention) YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS Site Site identifier - ET_obs_LE_gapfilled_Wm2 Observed latent heat flux, gap-filled by the marginal-distribution-sampling (MDS) method (FLUXNET/ONEFlux `LE_F_MDS`). W m⁻² ET_obs_LE_corrected_Wm2 Observed latent heat flux after energy-balance-closure correction (Bowen-ratio-preserving). This is the target used to evaluate the models. W m⁻² ET_MLCAN_Wm2 Modeled latent heat flux from the multilayer canopy (MLCAN) configuration. W m⁻² ET_1L_Wm2 Modeled latent heat flux from the single-layer / big-leaf (1L) configuration. W m⁻² H_obs_gapfilled_Wm2 Observed sensible heat flux, MDS gap-filled (`H_F_MDS`). W m⁻² H_obs_corrected_Wm2 Observed sensible heat flux after energy-balance-closure correction. W m⁻² SW_IN_Wm2 Incoming shortwave radiation (model driver, `FSDS`). W m⁻² TA_degC Air temperature (model driver, `TBOT`, converted from K). °C VPD_kPa Vapor pressure deficit, computed from observed relative humidity and air temperature. kPa SWC_m3m3 Volumetric soil water content (same across all soil layers). m³ m⁻³ LAI_m2m2 Effective leaf area index used to drive the models (`ELAI`). m² m⁻² Note: Missing values are written as empty fields. The fraction of finite, energy-balance-corrected observed ET per site is given in `sites_metadata.csv` (`ET_obs_corrected_pct_finite`). Model forcing NetCDF files (`model_forcing_netcdf/`) Each ` _forcing.nc` contains the complete set of driver variables used to run both configurations and the full observed-flux products, at the same temporal resolution. Key variables (units as stored): - Meteorology: `TBOT` (K), `RH` (%), `WIND` (m s⁻¹), `FSDS` (incoming shortwave, W m⁻²), `FLDS` (incoming longwave, W m⁻²), `PSRF` (surface pressure, Pa), `PRECTmms` (precipitation, mm s⁻¹), `CO2MF` (CO₂ mole fraction), `ZBOT` (reference height, m). - Vegetation / soil: `ELAI`, `ESAI` (effective leaf/stem area index), `SWC` (volumetric soil water), `H2OSOI`, `TSOI` (soil-profile moisture and temperature). - Observed fluxes: `LE_F_MDS`, `H_F_MDS` (MDS gap-filled), `LE_c`, `H_c` (energy-balance corrected), `GPP_DT`, `GPP_NT` (daytime/nighttime partitioned gross primary productivity). - Temporal coverage: each site's record covers 1 July – 31 December of each year (the study's analysis window). Methods (brief) Eddy-covariance processing. Half-hourly fluxes were computed with EddyPro and quality-controlled; latent and sensible heat were gap-filled using the MDS algorithm and then corrected for the surface-energy-balance closure gap (Bowen-ratio-preserving). Models. CLM-ml (Bonan et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108435) was run in two configurations viz. multilayer (MLCAN) and single-layer (1L) that share identical code, leaf-level formulations, and soil/root parameters and differ only in the number of within-canopy layers. Each configuration was independently calibrated to the energy-balance-corrected observed ET. Provenance, license, and citation The **original** half-hourly eddy-covariance observations for each site are distributed by AmeriFlux, the ICOS Drought-2018 and Warm-Winter-2020 collections, and NEON; the per-site dataset DOIs are listed in the Supplementary Information file of the associated manuscript. The non-gap-filled (raw) observed LE can be obtained from those original datasets. The modeled ET, the processed (gap-filled and corrected) observed ET, and the assembled forcing in this archive are the data generated by this study. - License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.