A mechanically adaptive spider-web-like interphase enables second-level ultrafast and durable zinc metal batteries

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Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are extremely feasible for safe and high-power energy storage; however, zinc metal anodes suffer from severe interfacial instability under ultrafast charging. These failures originate from the coupling of nonuniform Zn 2+ transport, parasitic reactions, and unaccommodated mechanical deformation at the Zn–electrolyte interface. Here, we demonstrate that interfacial mechanical adaptivity is a decisive parameter for stabilizing zinc metals under extreme current densities. By constructing a spider-web-like, electrospun nitrile rubber interphase, we create a mechanically percolated and ion-affinitive interface that homogenizes Zn 2+ flux, excludes free water, and buffers rapid interfacial deformation during plating and stripping. This integrated regulation transforms zinc deposition into a uniform and surface-confined process, enabling dendrite-free Zn||Zn cycling for over 6000 h and supporting second-level ultrafast charging in full cells. At an ultrahigh rate of 50 A g −1 , the resulting Zn||V 2 O 5 cells sustain 20 000 cycles with minimal capacity decay. Beyond zinc systems, this work establishes mechanically adaptive interfacial design as a general strategy for high-rate metal-based energy storage.

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