Perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: A retrospective cohort study

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Aim: Adolescent pregnancy remains a major global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Biological immaturity combined with social vulnerability predisposes adolescent mothers to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics, antenatal care patterns, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies compared with adult pregnancies.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1,060 mothers who delivered at a tertiary referral center in western Türkiye between 2018 and 2023. Women aged ≤19 years were classified as adolescents and compared with adults aged 20–34 years. Demographic features, antenatal care utilization, and neonatal outcomes were obtained from hospital records. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests and continuous variables with Student’s t-test.Results: Of the cohort, 660 were adolescents and 400 were adults. Adolescents presented significantly later for antenatal care (p < 0.001) and had fewer antenatal visits. First-trimester screening uptake was extremely low in adolescents, with 89.5% receiving no screening (p < 0.001). Adolescents had higher cesarean delivery rates (p < 0.001). Overall pregnancy complications were more frequent in adolescents (p < 0.001), with fetal growth restriction significantly higher (6.4% vs. 1.3%). Preterm birth occurred more often among adolescents (p = 0.016). Neonates of adolescent mothers had significantly lower 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores, and low 5-minute APGAR (

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