Estimation of Gonial angle in OPG as a tool for Gender Determination

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Introduction: Gender determination using anthropological methods has garnered considerable attention in forensic and archaeological fields. One such method involves assessing the gonial angle from orthopantomograms (OPGs). This angle, where the mandibular ramus meets the mandible body, differs between males and females due to craniofacial variation. The gonial angle serves as an important anatomical landmark in understanding craniofacial morphology and has practical applications in forensic science for gender determination when examining skeletal remains. Aim and Objective: This research aims to estimate the Gonial angle in OPG as a tool for gender determination. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 60 OPGs were selected from patients between the age group of 11 to 60 years and the Gonial angle of right and left side followed by bigonial angle width was measured using Image J software. The data then collected was analysed. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software (23 version) where the sample T-test was done. Result: This study illustrates the mean and standard deviation of 2.05±0.52 in males and 2.19±0.67 in females based on age, 124±4.11 in males and 123±4.5 in females for Gonial angle - Right, 121.73±5 in males and 122.24±73 in females for Gonial angle - Left, and 2058.25±358.16 in males and 1780.49±385.30 in females for bigonial angle width. Conclusion: The study concludes that Gonial angle can be used as a gender determining tool using an OPG. It presents opportunities and challenges as a tool for gender determination in forensic and anthropological studies. A multifactorial approach that combines gonial angles with other anatomical markers and statistical models is essential for robust gender determination in forensic contexts.

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