Radiographic Evaluation of Condylar Changes in Patients with TMD

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Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate radiographic evaluation of condylar changes in patients with TMD by using orthopantomogram (OPG). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study aims to assess the radiographic alterations in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the mandibular condyle. Samples for the TMD group were gathered from Saveetha Dental College and Hospital's radiography and oral medicine department in Chennai. The study will include 81 patients, 54 males and 44 females, who have been diagnosed with TMD will be included in the sample for the investigation. Utilizing an OPG, radiographic evaluation is performed. The data was transferred to SPSS software for further results and Histogram analysis has done. Result: The radiographic evaluation of condylar changes in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) indicated distinct patterns across different parameters. Condylar hyperplasia was present in 13.3% of males and 11.1% of females, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.734). Resorption was observed in 45.2% of males and 25% of females, showing no significant gender difference (p = 0.105). Condylar flattening was significantly more prevalent in females (69.4%) compared to males (42.2%), with a significant p-value of 0.015. The presence of more than three missing teeth was not significantly different between males (22.2%) and females (16.7%), with p-values of 0.066 for males and 0.073 for females. The histogram illustrated the age distribution of the sample, showing a mean age of 43.93 years and a standard deviation of 14.184. Conclusion: This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic changes in the condyles of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) using OPG. Our study revealed a significant prevalence of osteoarthritic changes in the condyle, including erosion, flattening, and osteophyte formation. Variations in condylar morphology, such as hyperplasia, hypoplasia, and asymmetry, were effectively identified using OPG. The findings provide significant insights into the prevalence and nature of condylar changes in TMD patients and underscore the importance of multimodal imaging in the accurate diagnosis and management of TMD.

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