Exploring Morphometric Changes in OPG for Gender Determination: A Comprehensive Evaluation

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Background: Gender determination from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology, aiding in the identification of unknown individuals. Advances in imaging technology have enhanced the ability to assess skeletal features non-invasively, with Orthopantomogram (OPG) providing detailed images of the mandible. This study focuses on three key morphometric parameters derived from OPGs: condylar angle, ramus height, and bicondylar width. Condylar angle reflects the curvature of the mandibular condyle, influenced by biomechanical factors and genetics, potentially exhibiting sexual dimorphism. Ramus height and bicondylar width contribute additional measurements related to mandibular size and proportions, which may vary between males and females due to craniofacial sexual dimorphism. This research aimed to evaluate the utility of these OPG-derived morphometric parameters as reliable indicators of gender. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from the department of oral medicine and radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. Total number of samples is 60 patients between the age group 20 to 60 years. Image J software was used to measure the condylar angle, ramus height, and bicondylar width. The data was transferred to SPSS software (23 Versions) for further results, in which a sample T test was done. Statistical analysis: The data were analysed by using SPSS software. The probability value p < 0.05 is considered as significant and the value p > 0.05 was considered as not significant. Results: Tables and graphs show the sample size, mean and standard deviation of both males and females. In present research, a statistically significant correlation between condyle & Coronoid angle, ramus height, and bicondylar width of males and females was confirmed. Conclusion: In summary, the assessment of morphometric alterations in orthopantomogram using variables including ramus height, bicondylar breadth, and coronoid and condyle angles shows promise as a means of determining gender. The study draws attention to the sexual dimorphism in mandibular structures, highlighting their potential use in clinical, forensic, and anthropological contexts.

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