Multi-Analytical Characterization of Lime Plaster Technology in Ancient Anuradhapura (2000–1000 Years Old): A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sri Lanka
Rattachement africain : lk. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.
Le résumé fourni par la source
This systematic research was conducted as the first comprehensive scientific analysis of ancient lime plaster samples from Anuradhapura, a World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka. Five ancient heritage sites from 1st to 10th Century AD, covering two stupa domes: Abhayagiri (AP01) and Jethavana (AP02), Monk residence building near Ruwanweliseya Stupa (AP03), Deeghapashan Rock Shelter Building of Abhayagiri Monastery Complex (AP04), and Vessagiriya Rock Shelter wall lime Plaster (AP05) were examined by employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The current work investigated the composition, mineralogical and microstructural properties, binding media, and organic additives. Our findings indicate that calcareous lime from seashells and river sand are the main raw materials, with ratios of 1:2.7, 1:2.0, 1:2.4, 1:4.4, and 1:3.7 for the AP01, AP02, AP03, AP04, and AP05 samples, respectively. Data also suggest that plant-based materials, mainly wood apple wax, along with nanoscale fibrous materials, were used as the main additives to enhance the properties of lime plasters. This study provides insights into the raw materials, their mixing ratios, and the techniques employed in the lime plastering of ancient Anuradhapura City, and serves as a scientific reference for the conservation and restoration of ancient buildings resilient to climate change.
Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.
Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Multi-Analytical Characterization of Lime Plaster Technology in Ancient Anuradhapura (2000–1000 Years Old): A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sri Lanka
- Date Crossref
- 03/06/2026
- Éditeur
- MDPI AG
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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University of Sri Jayewardenepura pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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University of Kelaniya Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Faculty of Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Technology pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Faculty of Science Department of Forestry and Environmental Science pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Faculty of Applied Sciences Instrument Centre pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology — University of Kelaniya et Department of Civil and Environmental Technology — Faculty of Technology, avec 2 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.