Effect of Crop Diversification on Green Agricultural Productivity in Burkina Faso

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Abstract: This article fills an important gap in the literature by, to our knowledge, examining for the first time the relationship between agricultural diversification and green total factor produc-tivity. Using balanced panel data from Burkina Faso's 13 regions for 2010-2020, this study offers an original empirical contribution to understanding the drivers of economically efficient and envi-ronmentally sustainable agriculture. The green productivity index used is the global Malmquist–Luenberger index. Agricultural diversification is measured using the Simpson index and the entro-py index. Estimates based on the robust Driscoll–Kraay method reveal that diversification has a positive and highly significant effect on green agricultural productivity. The analysis of the decom-position of total productivity indicates that the overall positive effect of diversification on green productivity is mainly driven by improvements in technical efficiency rather than by technological progress. This suggests that agricultural diversification, as observed in Burkina Faso, relies more on the optimization of existing practices than on the introduction of new green technologies. These findings highlight that promoting crop diversification should constitute a central strategic axis of public policies aimed at reconciling agricultural performance with environmental sustaina-bility, particularly through technical, infrastructural, and financial support for the adoption of di-versified practices by producers. Keywords: Burkina Faso; diversification; green agricultural productivity; Malmquist-Luenberger global; Driscoll-Kraay

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