Correlation between salivary antimicrobial peptides and IgG and IgA antibodies reactive with C. albicans in early childhood caries
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Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic disease in children aged 2 to 6, characterized by rapid hard dental tissue destruction. Oral streptococci are the primary etiological agents, though other bacteria and fungi also contribute to ECC development and progression. The role of local salivary innate immune response in regulating Candida albicans growth in the oral cavity is not fully understood, although C. albicans is more prevalent in children with ECC. This study examined total salivary proteins, antimicrobial peptides (LL-37, histatin 1); S100A8/A9 and the titre and avidity of IgG and IgA against C. albicans in children with ECC and caries-free children. Methods This study included 26 children with ECC and 14 caries-free children (control group). The concentration of salivary total protein was measured by BCA assay, while histatin 1, LL-37 and S100A8/S100A9, concentrations were determined using ELISA tests. The titre and avidity of C. albicans reactive IgG and IgA were measured by in-house ELISA. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results The concentration of total salivary proteins and antimicrobial peptides, as well as the titre and avidity of IgG and IgA did not differ between the studied groups. Neither IgA nor IgG titres nor antimicrobial peptides correlated with the concentration of total proteins. In both groups, the correlation between histatin 1 and LL-37 (r=0.76, p=0.001; r=0.84, p=0.001; respectively) was high. In the ECC group, a significant correlation was found between the titres and avidity of anti-Candida IgG and IgA antibodies (r=0.637, p=0.001; r=0.477, p=0.014; respectively). In the control group, a correlation was found only between the titres and avidity of anti-Candida IgG (r=0.610 p=0.027). Conclusion Although not statistically significant, a trend toward higher peptides concentrations and IgG and IgA titres and avidity against C. albicans was observed in the saliva of children with ECC compared to the control group.
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