Simulation analysis and structural optimization of heat exchange coils in a liquid nitrogen cooling circulation unit

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Abstract This paper addresses the excessive flow resistance in the heat exchange coil of a liquid nitrogen cooling circulation unit through structural optimization and simulation analysis. By increasing the coil diameter to reduce flow resistance, we established three-dimensional models of 304 stainless steel coils with outer diameters of 18 mm, 21 mm, 25.4 mm, and 30 mm. The flow and heat transfer processes of high-pressure liquid nitrogen within the coils were numerically simulated using ANSYS Fluent. The temperature and pressure field distributions were analyzed under flow rates of 10 L/min and 20 L/min. The results show that the outlet temperature difference among the four diameters under the same flow rate is less than 1 K, meeting the cooling requirements. However, at a flow rate of 20 L/min, the pressure drop for the 25.4 mm and 30 mm diameters is significantly lower than that of the smaller diameters, indicating a notable reduction in flow resistance. Considering heat transfer performance, pressure drop, and economic factors, the outer diameter of 25.4 mm is determined as the optimal coil size. This optimization scheme effectively enhances the heat transfer efficiency and operational stability of the unit, providing a reference for the structural design of similar low-temperature heat exchange equipment.

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