Age‐related macular degeneration severity and risk of Alzheimer's disease in older adults in a prospective, community‐based cohort study

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how AD risk changes as AMD progresses remains unclear. METHODS Among participants in the Adult Changes in Thought study, we characterized the worst dry and wet AMD severities experienced to date on a scale of 0 to 10 and assessed whether they were associated with AD risk. RESULTS Among 2611 participants (550 AD cases, median 6.8 years follow‐up), AD hazard was estimated to increase by 4% per one unit increase in dry and wet scores (dry: 95% confidence interval [CI] for hazard ratio [HR] 1.01 to 1.07, p = 0.01; wet: 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08, p = 0.03). HR estimates were similar among people without diagnosed AMD and were attenuated among those with diagnosed AMD. DISCUSSION Worse AMD severity was associated with higher AD risk, with severity scores potentially offering greater clinical utility for AD risk characterization among individuals without diagnosed AMD.

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